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The emperor orders them to teach and then they start to study. The elementary school is on the south left of the public palace, and the university is in the suburbs. The emperor calls it Biyu, and the princes call it Tinggong.
Huan Xuanwu's memorial said: "Xie Shang was wise and upright, and won the people's praise at a young age."
The sage kings set up sacrifices: those who apply the law to the people are sacrificed; those who die in the service of the country are sacrificed; those who work hard to stabilize the country are sacrificed; those who can resist great disasters are sacrificed; those who can defend against great disasters are sacrificed. Therefore, when Lishan ruled the world, his son was called Nong, who was able to grow hundreds of grains; when Xia declined, Zhou Qi succeeded him, so he was sacrificed as Ji. When Gonggong ruled the nine states, his son was called Hou Tu, who was able to pacify the nine states, so he was sacrificed as She. Emperor Ku was able to arrange the stars to show the people; Yao was able to reward and equalize the law and end his life with justice; Shun worked hard at many things but died in the wild. Gun was killed by floods, and Yu was able to restore Gun's achievements. Huangdi rectified the names of all things to make it clear that the people share the wealth, and Zhuanxu was able to restore it. Qi was the Minister of Education and the people were prosperous; Ming worked hard in his office and died in a flood. Tang ruled the people with leniency and eliminated their cruelty; King Wen ruled with civility, and King Wu ruled with military merits to eliminate the people's disasters. These are all those who have made great contributions to the people. The sun, moon, and stars are what the people look up to; the mountains, forests, rivers, valleys, and hills are what the people use as materials. They are not of this clan and are not included in the sacrificial rites.
Zilu said, "I heard from the Master that in funeral rituals, it is better to have more mourning than not mourning. In sacrificial rituals, it is better to have more respect than not respect."
Luo Junzhang was once at someone's house, and the host asked him to talk with the guests. He replied, "We have known each other for a long time, so I don't need to bother you again."
Zengzi said: "The filial son provides for the elderly by making his heart happy and not violating his will, making his ears and eyes happy, making his bed comfortable, and providing him with food and drink. The filial son who is loyal to the parents provides for the whole life. The whole life is not the whole life of the parents, but the whole life of the parents. Therefore, the parents also love what they love and respect what they respect. This is true even for dogs and horses, let alone humans!" Regarding the provision of elderly care, the Five Emperors had regulations and the Three Kings had requests for advice. The Five Emperors followed the rule of nurturing the spirit and not asking for advice. If they did something good, they would record it as a dunshi. The Three Kings also followed the rule of nurturing the elderly and then asking for advice. They also did not follow the etiquette and all had dunshi.
Zeng Zi asked: "Can the funeral of a major merit be included in the offering of sacrifices?" Confucius said: "It is not a major merit! "Zengzi asked, "Is it not possible to make sacrifices with light clothes?" Confucius said, "That is not what I mean. In the funerals of the Son of Heaven and the dukes, those who are in mourning clothes offer sacrifices; the high officials, those who are in mourning clothes offer sacrifices; the scholars, their friends offer sacrifices; if it is not enough, they take from those who are of great merit or less; if it is not enough, they take from those who are of great merit or less." Zengzi asked, "Can small merits be included in the sacrifices?" Confucius said, "Why must it be small merits? Those who are in mourning clothes and below offer sacrifices; that is etiquette." Zengzi asked, "Is it not possible to make sacrifices with light clothes?" Confucius said, "In the funerals of the Son of Heaven and the dukes, those who are not in mourning clothes do not offer sacrifices; the high officials, those who are in mourning clothes offer sacrifices; the scholars, if the sacrifice is not enough, they take from those who are of great merit or less." Zengzi asked, "Can acquaintances, if they are in mourning clothes, participate in the sacrifices?" Confucius said, "If you don't offer sacrifices, how can you help others?" Zengzi asked, "Can you take away your mourning clothes and participate in the sacrifices?" ”Confucius said: "Saying mourning and offering sacrifices are not rites; it is OK to reject each other."
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