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Lu Aigong asked Confucius, "Master, are your clothes Confucian clothes?" Confucius replied, "When I was young, I lived in Lu and wore a Fengye robe. When I grew up, I lived in Song and wore a Zhangfu hat. I have heard that a gentleman's learning is extensive, and his clothes are rustic; I don't know Confucian clothes."
In the way of learning, it is difficult to have a strict teacher. Only when the teacher is strict can the way be respected, and only when the way is respected can the people know to respect learning. Therefore, there are two things that the ruler should not be a servant to his ministers: when they are corpses, they should not be a servant, and when they are teachers, they should not be a servant. The etiquette of the university, even if it is issued to the emperor, does not face north; this is to respect the teacher.
The emperor mourns for seven days and buries in the seventh month. The princes mourn for five days and bury in the fifth month. The officials, scholars and common people mourn for three days and bury in the third month. The three-year mourning period starts from the emperor and ends at the common people. Burial is not stopped because of rain, and no burial is done without a burial or tree. There is no double mourning, from the emperor to the common people. Mourning follows the dead, and sacrifice follows the living. Branch descendants do not offer sacrifices. The emperor has seven temples, three Zhao and three Mu, and the temple of Taizu makes seven. The princes have five temples, two Zhao and two Mu, together with the temple of Taizu, five. The officials have three temples, one Zhao and one Mu, together with the temple of Taizu, three. The scholars have one temple. The common people offer sacrifices in the bedroom.
The three-year mourning is finished, and the mourning of the period is finished. After the funeral, the old hemp belt is worn, and the mourning of the period is worn. The mourning of the great mourning is also the same. For the small mourning, there is no change.
When the emperor died, the first mourning ceremony was held for three days, the officials mourned for five days, the men and women in the country mourned for seven days, and the whole country mourned for three months. The people of Yu brought a hundred woods for sacrifices, and those who could make coffins were cut down; those who did not bring them were abolished and killed.
Confucius said: "How does an archer shoot? How does he listen? He who follows the sound and shoots without missing the target is only a virtuous man! How can an unworthy man hit the target?" The Book of Songs says: "Shoot what he has, in order to pray for your wine." Pray means to ask; to ask for the target and refuse the wine is to refuse the wine. Wine is used to nourish the elderly and to cure illness; to ask for the target and refuse the wine is to refuse nourishment.
Xun Zhonglang was in Jingkou. He climbed Beigu and looked at the sea. He said: "Although I haven't seen the three mountains, I feel like soaring to the sky. If I were the emperor of Qin or Han, I would lift my clothes and wet my feet."
When a gentleman is about to build a palace, the ancestral temple comes first, the stables and storehouses come second, and the living quarters come last. For all household construction, sacrificial utensils come first, sacrificial tribute comes second, and domestic utensils come last. Those without land and salary do not set up sacrificial utensils; those with land and salary first make sacrificial clothes. Even if a gentleman is poor, he does not eat porridge with sacrificial utensils; even if it is cold, he does not wear sacrificial clothes; when building a palace, he does not cut hills and trees. When a senior official or scholar leaves the country, sacrificial utensils are not overused. The senior officials shall leave the sacrificial vessels with the senior officials, and the scholars shall leave the sacrificial vessels with the scholars.
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