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The Master said: “What the gentleman calls righteousness is that both the noble and the humble have to serve the world; the emperor personally ploughs the fields and offers rice and wine to serve the God, so the princes diligently assist the emperor in serving the emperor. ”The Master said: “The lower serves the higher. Although they have the great virtue of protecting the people, they dare not have the heart of the ruler and the people, which is the depth of benevolence. Therefore, the gentleman is respectful and frugal in order to serve benevolence, trustworthy and yielding in order to serve propriety, does not value his own work, does not respect himself, is frugal in his position and has few desires, yields to the virtuous, humbles himself and respects others, is cautious and fears righteousness, seeks to serve the ruler, is self-righteous when he gets it, and self-righteous when he does not, so as to listen to the will of heaven. The Book of Songs says: ‘The kudzu vines are spread on the branches; the noble gentleman seeks blessings and does not turn back. ’ This is what Shun, Yu, King Wen, and Duke Zhou said! They have the great virtue of the ruler and the people, and are cautious in serving the ruler. The Book of Songs says: "Only this King Wen, who was careful and cautious, served the God with sincerity, and had many blessings in his heart. His virtue did not turn back, and he was accepted by the states. '" Confucius said: "The former kings gave him a posthumous title with a noble name, and were frugal with a single benevolence, because they were ashamed of their reputation floating above their actions. Therefore, a gentleman does not boast of his deeds, does not exaggerate his achievements, so as to seek to be treated with kindness; he does not go beyond his actions, so as to seek to be treated with kindness; he praises the goodness of others and praises their achievements, so as to seek to be virtuous. Therefore, although a gentleman humbles himself, the people respect and respect him. "The Master said: "Hou Ji, the most powerful person in the world, is not just one hand and one foot! He only wants to float above his name, so he thinks he is convenient for people. "

During the reign of Emperor Yuan, the Chief Justice Zhang Kai lived in Xiaoshi and built a private gate that closed in the morning and opened in the evening. The small people were worried about this and went to the county government to file a complaint, but their case was not heard. They then went to the county court to file a complaint, but still no verdict was made. When he heard that Sikong He had left, he went to Pogang and went to He to file a complaint. He said, "I have been conscripted as a ritual official and this matter has nothing to do with me." The young men kowtowed and said, "If the governor is not treated well again, we will have nowhere to complain." He said nothing and ordered them to leave and to report to Zhang Tingwei when they saw him. When Zhang heard this, he immediately demolished the gate and went to Fangshan to greet him. He came out to see him and said, "There is no need to see Guan, but I have a relationship with you, so I cherish it." Zhang thanked him ashamedly and said, "I didn't know that I was like this at the beginning, and I was ruined long ago."

Sacrifice is a great thing, and it is a preparation for everything. Is it the root of education to follow the preparation? Therefore, the teaching of a gentleman is to teach people to respect their rulers and elders externally and to be filial to their parents internally. Therefore, when a wise ruler is above, all ministers obey; when the ancestral temples and the altar of the country are respected, the descendants are obedient and filial. Do your best and be upright in your righteousness, and the teaching will come into being. Therefore, when a gentleman serves his ruler, he must practice it himself. What he does not like in his superiors, he will not use his subordinates; what he hates in his subordinates, he will not serve his superiors; if he does not do it to others, he will do it to himself, which is not the way of teaching. Therefore, the teaching of a gentleman must start from its root and follow the ultimate, and sacrifice is it? Therefore, it is said: sacrifice is the root of education. There are ten relationships in sacrifice: the way to serve ghosts and gods, the righteousness between the ruler and the minister, the relationship between father and son, the distinction between the noble and the humble, the killing of relatives and strangers, the bestowal of titles and rewards, the difference between husband and wife, the balance of political affairs, the order of the old and the young, and the relationship between superiors and subordinates. These are the ten relationships.

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