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When Confucius was at home, Zixia served him. Zixia said, "May I ask what the Book of Songs says: 'The noble and the gentleman are the parents of the people'. How can this be called the parents of the people? ”Confucius said: "The parents of the people must understand the origin of ritual and music, so as to achieve the five ultimates, and practice the three nothings, so as to be able to rule the world. If there is a defeat in the four directions, they must know it first. This is called the parents of the people. ”
Chen Zhongju of Runan and Li Yuanli of Yingchuan discussed their merits and virtues together, but could not decide who was ahead in order. Cai Bojie commented on them, saying: "Chen Zhongju is good at offending superiors, while Li Yuanli is strict in controlling his subordinates. It is difficult to offend superiors, but easy to control subordinates." Zhongju was thus ranked below the three gentlemen, and Yuanli was ranked above the eight talented people.
The enemy of the father will not live under the same sky with him. The enemy of the brother will not fight back. Friends are from different countries. There are many fortifications in the suburbs, which is a disgrace to the nobles. The land is vast, but it is uncultivated, which is also a disgrace to the scholars.
The way of the gentleman is expensive and hidden. The foolishness of a husband and wife can be understood, but when it reaches the extreme, even a sage will not know it. The unworthy husband and wife can do something, but when it reaches the extreme, even a sage will not be able to do it. The universe is so big, but people still have something to regret. Therefore, when a gentleman speaks big, no one in the world can contain it; when he speaks small, no one in the world can break it. The Book of Songs says, "The kite flies to the sky, and the fish leaps in the deep." It means that he is observant of everything. The way of a gentleman starts with husband and wife, and when it reaches the extreme, he observes the universe.
Confucian scholars are entrusted with money and drowned in pleasure. They do not lose their righteousness when they see profit; they are robbed by people and discouraged by soldiers. They do not change their principles when they see death; they are like prey and insects, not brave, and they do not consider their strength when they pull heavy tripods; they do not regret the past and do not worry about the future; they do not repeat their mistakes and do not spread rumors; they do not break their power and do not practice their plans. There are such people who are unique.
In the first month of spring, if the summer order is carried out, the rain will not be timely, the grass and trees will fall early, and the country will be in danger. If the autumn order is carried out, the people will suffer from a great epidemic, wild winds and rainstorms will come, and weeds and weeds will grow together. If the winter order is carried out, there will be floods, heavy snow and frost, and the first planting will not be possible.
A child cried when his mother died. Confucius said, "It is sad, but it is difficult to continue. The ritual is to be passed on and to be continued. Therefore, there are rules for crying and dancing."
The guest pays the host, the host pays the intermediary, the intermediary pays the other guests, the young and the old follow their seniority, and finally the one who washes and washes is there. I know that he can respect the elders and not leave them out.
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