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When the king of the country died, he did not dare to receive condolences. In the middle of the outer clan room, facing south, the minor officials spread the mats, the business and the priest spread the quilt, and the scholars washed their hands on the north side of the plate. The body was moved to the coffin, and after the coffin was finished, the chief minister informed the sons, and Feng Zhi danced. The lady sat on the east side, Feng Zhi rose and danced. There are three things that scholars mourn for the emperor: they burn all night, and ride on people and walk on the road.
The Master said: 鈥淎 mean man drowns in water, a gentleman drowns in his mouth, and a great man drowns in the people, all because of what they despise. Water is close to people and drowns them; virtue is easy to get close to but difficult to get close to, so it is easy to drown people; talking is tedious and annoying, easy to speak but difficult to regret, so it is easy to drown people; people are closed to people and have contemptuous hearts, they should be respected but not ignored, so they are easy to drown people. Therefore, a gentleman should not be careless. Taijia said: 鈥楧o not go beyond your destiny and overturn yourself; if you are afraid of the trap, go and review your measures and you will be released. 鈥橠ui Ming said: 鈥極nly the mouth causes shame, only armor causes war, only clothes are in the box, and only weapons are used to review one鈥檚 body. 鈥橳aijia said: 鈥楾he evil of heaven can be disobeyed; the evil of oneself cannot be avoided. '"Yin Ji" says: "Yin is the one who respects the heaven, and is seen in Xiyi; Xia has an end since Zhou, and Xiang has also ended. '"
The emperor mourns for seven days and buries in the seventh month. The princes mourn for five days and bury in the fifth month. The officials, scholars and common people mourn for three days and bury in the third month. The three-year mourning period starts from the emperor and ends at the common people. Burial is not stopped because of rain, and no burial is done without a burial or tree. There is no double mourning, from the emperor to the common people. Mourning follows the dead, and sacrifice follows the living. Branch descendants do not offer sacrifices. The emperor has seven temples, three Zhao and three Mu, and the temple of Taizu makes seven. The princes have five temples, two Zhao and two Mu, together with the temple of Taizu, five. The officials have three temples, one Zhao and one Mu, together with the temple of Taizu, three. The scholars have one temple. The common people offer sacrifices in the bedroom.
When the dukes met before the appointed time, it was called "yu", and when they met in the land, it was called "hui". When the dukes sent officials to ask the dukes, it was called "pin", when they made promises, it was called "shi", and when they attended the sacrifice, it was called "meng".
The emperor's altars and grains are all large sacrifices, while the altars and grains of the princes are all small sacrifices. The sacrifices of the officials and scholars to the ancestral temples are offered if they have land, and offered if they do not have land. The common people offer leeks in spring, wheat in summer, millet in autumn, and rice in winter. Leeks are offered with eggs, wheat with fish, millet with pigs, and rice with geese. The cattle used to offer sacrifices to heaven and earth have cocoons and chestnuts in their horns; the cattle used to offer sacrifices to the ancestral temples have horns with handles; the cattle used to offer sacrifices to guests have horns with rulers. The princes shall not kill cattle without reason, the great officials shall not kill sheep without reason, the scholars shall not kill dogs and pigs without reason, and the common people shall not eat delicacies without reason. The common people shall not eat more delicacies than animals, the clothes for banquets shall not exceed the clothes for offering sacrifices, and the sleeping places shall not exceed the temples.
Zixia said: "The parents of the people have been heard, and I dare to ask what the 'five ultimates' are?" Confucius said: "Where the will reaches, poetry also reaches. Where poetry reaches, ritual also reaches. Where ritual reaches, music also reaches. Where music reaches, sorrow also reaches. Sorrow and joy are born from each other. Therefore, if you look at it with your eyes straight, you can't see it; if you listen to it with your ears attentively, you can't hear it; the will fills the heaven and the earth, this is called the five ultimates. 鈥
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