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When Xu Yuan was young, people compared him to Wang Gouzi, which made Xu very upset. At that time, many people and Master Yu were giving lectures at the West Temple in Kuaiji, and the king was also there. Xu Yi was very angry, so he went to the West Temple to discuss the pros and cons with Wang. The king was deeply humiliated after being so frustrated. Xu Fu held Wang's position, and Wang held Xu's position, and they exchanged letters with each other; Wang was again submissive. Xu said to Master Zhi: "What did your disciple say just now?" Zhi said calmly: "Your words are good, but why do you have to be so bitter? This is not a talk about seeking the truth!"
The death of the emperor is called Beng, the death of the princes is called Hong, the death of the officials is called Zu, the death of the scholars is called Bulu, and the death of the common people is called Si. The body on the bed is called Shi, and the body in the coffin is called Ju. Feathered birds are called Jiang, and four-legged birds are called Zi. Dead bandits are called Bing.
The pickled beans are the harmonious air of aquatic plants; the meat is produced on land. The beans are produced on land; the meat is aquatic. The offerings of the bamboo baskets and beans are the products of the water and soil. We dare not use the usual vulgar food and value the rich food. This is the meaning of communicating with the gods, not the way of eating. The offerings of the former kings can be eaten but not used. The crown and carriage can be displayed but not liked. The military is strong, but not enjoyable. The majesty of the ancestral temple, but it cannot be ignored. The vessels of the ancestral temple can be used but not used for their own benefit. The reason for communicating with the gods and spirits should not be the same as the meaning of comfort. The beauty of wine and liquor, the preference for dark wine and bright water, is the origin of valuing the five flavors. The beauty of embroidery and the preference for sparse cloth are the beginning of women's work. The comfort of the bamboo mat and the preference for the quilt are the light. The big soup is not harmonious, it is the value of its quality. The big jade is not polished, it is the beauty of its quality. The beauty of the red lacquer carved table and the plain carriage are the respect for its simplicity and the value of its quality. The reason for communicating with the gods and spirits should not be the same as the meaning of comfort. Only in this way can it be appropriate. The odd shapes of the tripod and the even shapes of the dishes and the yin and yang are the meaning of yin and yang. The yellow eyes are the supreme respect of the depressed qi. Yellow means the middle; eyes are the clear and bright qi. It means to pour in the middle and be clear and bright outside. To offer sacrifice to the heaven, sweep the ground and offer sacrifice there, it is the quality. The beauty of pickled meat and salt, and the popularity of salt, are because they are produced by nature. The use of a knife and the value of a phoenix knife are because of their righteousness. The sound is harmonious before it can be cut.
Chen Zhuangzi died and went to Lu. The people of Lu did not want to cry. Duke Mu summoned Xianzi and asked him about it. Xianzi said, "In ancient times, the officials did not finish their work. Even if they wanted to cry, how could they cry? Today's officials are involved in the government of China. Even if they want not to cry, how can they not cry? Moreover, I have heard that there are two ways to cry: one is to cry for love, and the other is to cry for fear." The Duke said, "Yes, then what should we do?" Xianzi said, "Please cry in the temples of different surnames." So he cried with the Xianshi. Zhongxian said to Zengzi: "The Xia Dynasty used Mingqi to show that the people were ignorant; the Yin people used sacrificial utensils to show that the people were knowledgeable; the Zhou people used both to show that the people were suspicious." Zengzi said: "Is it not so! Is it not so! Mingqi is a ghost instrument; sacrificial utensils are human instruments; why did the ancient people die for their own parents?" Gongshu Mu's half-brother died, and he asked Ziyou. Ziyou said: "Is it a great merit?" Di Yi's half-brother died, and he asked Zixia. Zixia said: "I have never heard of it before; the people of Lu wear Qisui for him." Di Yi wore Qisui. The Qisui of today is what Di Yi asked.
All the learning of the crown prince and the scholars must be in season. In spring and summer, they learn to play the sword and spear, and in autumn and winter, they learn to play the feather and flute, all in the East Sequence. The minor music director learns the sword and spear, and the big official assists him. The flute master learns the spear and the flute master assistant assists him. The official plays the drum in the south. In spring, he recites and in summer, the master orders him. In autumn, Gu Zong learns the ritual, and the person in charge of the ritual orders him; in winter, he reads and the person in charge of the book orders him. The ritual is in Gu Zong, and the book is in Shangxiang. All the rituals of sacrifice, caring for the elderly, asking for words, and talking together are ordered by the minor music director in the East Sequence. The big music director learns to dance the sword and spear, speak, and ask for words, all of which are taught by the big music director, and the big official discusses and discusses in the East Sequence.
It is said that to govern a country, you must first manage your family. There is no one who cannot teach his family but can teach others. Therefore, a gentleman does not leave home but teaches the country. Filial piety is the way to serve the king; respect for elders is the way to serve the elders; kindness is the way to lead the people. "Kang Gao" said: "It is like protecting a baby. "If you seek it with a sincere heart, even if you don't get it, you won't be far away. There has never been anyone who learned to raise a child before getting married. If one family is benevolent, the whole country will be benevolent; if one family is courteous, the whole country will be courteous; if one person is greedy and violent, the whole country will be in chaos. The mechanism is like this. This is what is meant by one word ruining things, and one person establishing a country. Yao and Shun led the world with benevolence, and the people followed them. Jie and Zhou led the world with violence, and the people followed them. What they ordered was contrary to what the people liked, and the people did not follow them. Therefore, a gentleman should have it in himself before seeking it in others, and not have it in himself before criticizing others. There has never been anyone who can persuade others with what he does not forgive. Therefore, governing a country starts with managing his family. The Book of Songs says, "The peach tree is young and tender, and its leaves are dense. The daughter is married, and she is a good wife." Only when she is a good wife can she teach the people of the country. The Book of Songs says, "Be a good brother and a good younger brother." Only when she is a good brother and a good younger brother can she teach the people of the country. The Book of Songs says, "Its etiquette is not wrong, and it is right for the four countries. ” He who is a father, son, and brother is a model, and then the people can follow it. This is what is meant by governing a country in order to regulate the family.
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