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Zixia had just finished mourning and came to see me. I played the zither, but it didn't harmonize, and it didn't make any sound when I played it. He stood up and said, "I have not forgotten my grief. The ancient kings established the rites, and I dare not go beyond them."
The reason why the ancient kings ruled the world is five: valuing virtue, valuing nobility, valuing the elderly, respecting the elders, and loving the young. These five are the reason why the ancient kings ruled the world. Valuing virtue, why? Because it is close to the Tao. Valuing nobility is because it is close to the monarch. Valuing the elderly is because it is close to relatives. Respecting the elders is because it is close to brothers. Loving the young is because it is close to children. Therefore, the most filial is close to the king, and the most brotherly is close to the hegemon. The most filial is close to the king, even if it is the emperor, there must be a father; the most brotherly is close to the hegemon, even if it is a prince, there must be a brother. The teachings of the ancient kings are followed and not changed, so they can lead the world and the country. Confucius said: "To establish love from one's relatives is to teach people to be harmonious. To establish education from one's elders is to teach people to be obedient. Teach people to be kind and harmonious, and people will value being close to one's relatives; teach people to respect elders, and people will value being obedient. Filial piety to parents, obedience to orders, and this is practiced throughout the world."
Therefore, a gentleman should be cautious about virtue first. If you have virtue, you will have people; if you have people, you will have land; if you have land, you will have wealth; if you have wealth, you will have usefulness. Virtue is the root, and wealth is the end. The root is outside and the end is inside, and the people are robbed. Therefore, when wealth is gathered, the people will be scattered; when wealth is scattered, the people will be gathered. Therefore, words that are perversely spoken will also be perversely received; goods that are perversely received will also be perversely sent out. "Kang Gao" says: "Only the mandate is not constant." If the way is good, you will gain it; if it is not good, you will lose it. "Chu Shu" says: "Chu has no treasure, only goodness is its treasure." Uncle Fan said: "The dead have no treasure, only benevolence and relatives are their treasure."
After General Wang returned, he arrived at Shitou and Zhou Boren went to see him. He said to Zhou: "Why did you betray me?" He replied: "Your chariots violated the rules, and I was disgraced to lead the six armies, while the king's army was not strong, so I have let you down."
In this month, he orders the four supervisors to gather the fodder of the hundred counties to feed the sacrifices. He orders all the people to contribute their efforts to the gods of the heaven and earth, the mountains, the rivers, and the four directions, to worship the spirits of the ancestral temples and the land, and to pray for the blessings of the people. In this month, he orders women officials to dye and color, and to decorate and decorate according to the law, without any mistakes. Black, yellow, cang, and red must all be of good quality, and no one dares to be false, so as to provide clothes for the sacrifices in the suburbs and temples, as flags, and to distinguish the nobles and the humble.
The rules: The emperor uses "Zou Yu" as the rules; the princes use "Li Shou" as the rules; the ministers use "Cai Ping" as the rules; and the scholars use "Cai Fan" as the rules. "Zou Yu" means that the music officials are prepared, "Li Shou" means that the music meets at the right time, "Cai Ping" means that the music follows the law, and "Cai Fan" means that the music does not fail to perform its duties. Therefore, the emperor uses the preparation of officials as the rules; the princes use the right time to meet the emperor as the rules; the ministers use the law as the rules; and the scholars use the not failing to perform their duties as the rules. Therefore, if you are clear about your intentions and do not make mistakes, you will achieve success and establish your virtue. If you establish your virtue, there will be no disasters of violence and rebellion. Success means peace. Therefore, it is said that archery is a way to observe great virtue.
In this month, frost begins to fall, and all workers rest. He orders the officials to say: The cold air has arrived, and the people can't bear it, so they should all go indoors. On the first day of Ding, the music director is ordered to go in and learn to play. In this month, a great feast is held for the emperor, and the sacrifices are reported to the emperor. The princes are united, and hundreds of counties are set up. The tax rates and tributes of the princes are determined according to the distance and appropriateness of the land, so as to provide for the affairs of the suburbs and temples, without any bias.
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