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Duke Huan had a chief clerk who was good at distinguishing wine and would always order the clerk to taste it first when wine was available. Those who like him call him "Qingzhou Official" and those who dislike him call him "Pingyuan Inspector". There is Qi County in Qingzhou and Ge County in Pingyuan. "Chengshi" means "to the navel", and "Duyou" means "residing on the cauldron".
Ritual: No king can offer sacrifices. The king offers sacrifices to the ancestor from whom he descended, and the ancestor is paired with him. When the princes and their great ancestors, the great officials and scholars have important matters, they will report to their kings, and offer sacrifices to their great ancestors.
In ancient times, when the princes shot, they had to perform the banquet ceremony first; when the ministers, officials, and scholars shot, they had to perform the village drinking ceremony first. Therefore, the banquet ceremony is to clarify the righteousness between the monarch and his subjects; the village drinking ceremony is to clarify the order of seniority.
Confucian scholars do not treasure gold and jade, but loyalty and faithfulness; they do not pray for land, and establish righteousness as Land; do not pray for more accumulation, but be rich in culture. It is hard to get but easy to get money, easy to get money but hard to keep. If it is not the right time, is it not hard to get? If it is not right, is it not hard to keep? If you work hard first and then get money, is it not easy to get money? There are such people in his neighborhood.
Ritual is to the right state: it is like a scale to weight, a ruler to straightness, and a compass to squareness. Therefore, if the scale is honestly hung, it cannot be deceived by the weight; if the ruler is honestly laid out, it cannot be deceived by the crookedness; if the rules are honestly set up, it cannot be deceived by the squareness and roundness; a gentleman examines the rites and cannot be accused of treachery. Therefore, those who respect the rites and follow the rites are called the gentlemen with the rules; those who do not respect the rites and do not follow the rites are called the people without the rules. It is the way of respect and yielding. Therefore, when serving the ancestral temple, one is respectful; when entering the court, the noble and the humble have their positions; when living at home, the father and son are close and the brothers are harmonious; when living in the village, the elders and the young are in order. Confucius said: "To settle the state and govern the people, nothing is better than rites." This is what he meant.
The lower officials of the princes are regarded as the best farmers, and their salaries are enough to replace their farming. The middle and upper officials are twice the lower officials, the upper officials are twice the middle officials, and the lower officials are twice the upper officials; the ministers have the salary of the four great officials; the kings have the salary of ten ministers. The ministers of the second-class countries have the salary of the three great officials; the kings have the salary of ten ministers. The ministers of the small countries have the salary of twice the great officials, and the kings have the salary of ten ministers.
Therefore, the teaching of ritual is subtle, and it can stop evil before it takes shape, making people move towards good and stay away from crimes without knowing it. That is why the ancient kings respected it. The Book of Changes says: "A gentleman should be cautious at the beginning, and the error of a millimeter will lead to a thousand miles." This is what it means.
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