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Ziyun said: "If the superiors consider the words of the people, then the heaven will give them favors; if the superiors do not consider the words of the people, then they will be offended; if the heaven does not give them favors, then there will be chaos. ”Therefore, if a gentleman governs the people with trust and humility, the people will repay him with respect. The Book of Songs says, “The ancients had a saying: consult with common people.”
Confucians cleanse themselves and bathe in virtue, they keep their words to themselves, they are calm and correct, and their superiors do not know; they are rough and arrogant, and they do not rush to do things; they do not think they are high when they are deep, and they do not think they are much when they add a little; they do not despise the world in peace, and they do not get discouraged when the world is in chaos; they do not agree with the same, and they do not criticize the different. They are like this in their uniqueness.
Emperor Wu once visited King Wuzi's house, and King Wuzi provided him with food and used colored glass utensils. There were more than a hundred maids, all wearing silk and satin, and holding food and drink with their hands. The stewed pork is fat and delicious, different from other dishes. The emperor was surprised and asked about it, and the answer was: "Drinking human milk from pigs." The emperor was very upset and left before finishing his meal. Wang and Shi are not aware of this work.
Ziyun: "As for the father's hand, you can ride in his car but not wear his clothes. The gentleman uses this to expand filial piety." Confucius said: "The villain can all support their parents, but the gentleman is not respectful, how to distinguish?" Confucius said: "Father and son are not in the same position, so they are respectful." The Book of Documents says: "If you don't respect your ancestors, you will be disgraced." Confucius said: "When parents are alive, don't call them old, talk about filial piety but not kindness; inside the boudoir, play but don't sigh." The gentleman uses this to keep the people, and the people are still less filial and more kind. Confucius said: "The ruler of the people, the court respects the elderly, and then the people will be filial." Confucius said: "Sacrificial offerings have corpses, and they are the masters of the ancestral temples, which show the people that there is something to do. Repairing the ancestral temples and respecting the sacrifices are to teach the people to pursue filial piety." With this, the people still forget their parents.
What are the four spirits? The unicorn, the phoenix, the tortoise and the dragon are called the four spirits. Therefore, the dragon is used as livestock, so fish and tuna are not succumbed; the phoenix is used as livestock, so birds do not degenerate; the unicorn is used as livestock, so beasts do not go wild; the tortoise is used as livestock, so human nature is not lost. Therefore, the ancient kings held yarrow and tortoise, arranged sacrifices, buried silk, announced prayers and speeches, and established systems, so the country has rituals, officials have guards, things have duties, and rituals have order. Therefore, the ancient kings worried that the rituals would not reach the lower classes, so they offered sacrifices to the emperor in the suburbs to determine the position of heaven; they offered sacrifices to the gods in the country to arrange the benefits of the land; the ancestral temples were used to establish benevolence, the mountains and rivers were used to worship ghosts and gods, and the five sacrifices were used to establish affairs.
People with the same surname follow the clan and are of the same clan; people with different surnames follow the name and govern the society. Names are written, but men and women are different. If the husband belongs to the father's way, his wife is the mother's way; if the husband belongs to the son's way, his wife is the wife's way. If the brother's wife is called "wife", can the sister-in-law also be called "mother"? Name is the most important thing in human governance, so can we not be careful? After four generations, the mourning period is exhausted; after five generations, the same surname is killed. After six generations, the relatives are exhausted. The common surnames are distinguished at the top, and the relatives are at the bottom. Can marriages be allowed? They are tied by surnames and are not distinguished, and they are tied by food and are not different. Even if a hundred generations, marriages cannot be allowed, this is the way of Zhou.
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