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When a person dies, he should not be idle for three days, and he should not be relieved for three months. He should be sad for three years, and he should be worried for three years - this is the killing of grace. The sage uses killing to control moderation, and this is why mourning lasts for three years. The wise should not go beyond the limit, and the unworthy should not fail to reach the limit. This is the mean of mourning, and it is what the king always does. The Book of Documents says: "Emperor Gaozong was lenient and did not speak for three years." This is good; all kings should follow this ritual. Why is it good for him alone? It is said: Emperor Gaozong was Wu Ding; Wu Ding was a wise king of the Yin Dynasty. He succeeded the throne and was kind and good at mourning. At this time, the Yin Dynasty declined and revived, and rituals were abolished and revived, so he did it well. Because it was good, it was recorded in the book and praised, so he was called Emperor Gaozong. During the three-year mourning, the king did not speak. The Book of Documents says: "Emperor Gaozong was lenient and did not speak for three years." This is what it means. However, those who say "speaking without culture" refer to the ministers.
When cleaning the feces for an elder, one must put a broom on the dustpan and use the sleeves to hold it back; if the dust does not reach the elder, one can use the dustpan from the home side to scoop it up. The seat is like a bridge. Where shall we sit and where shall we put our clothes? Xi: Among the south and north, the west is the best; among the east and west, the south is the best.
The emperor mourns for seven days and buries in the seventh month. The princes mourn for five days and bury in the fifth month. The officials, scholars and common people mourn for three days and bury in the third month. The three-year mourning period starts from the emperor and ends at the common people. Burial is not stopped because of rain, and no burial is done without a burial or tree. There is no double mourning, from the emperor to the common people. Mourning follows the dead, and sacrifice follows the living. Branch descendants do not offer sacrifices. The emperor has seven temples, three Zhao and three Mu, and the temple of Taizu makes seven. The princes have five temples, two Zhao and two Mu, together with the temple of Taizu, five. The officials have three temples, one Zhao and one Mu, together with the temple of Taizu, three. The scholars have one temple. The common people offer sacrifices in the bedroom.
In the funeral of a king, if there is no small burial, he will leave as a guest of the duke; in the funeral of an official, if there is no small burial, he will leave at the order of the king; in the funeral of a scholar, he will leave without burial for an official. Whenever the host leaves, he goes barefoot, with his hem tied to his waist and his heart beat, and descends from the west steps. The king bows to the guest of state and the minister of honor at his seat; the minister, at the king's order, meets him outside the bedroom door; the messenger goes up to the hall to tell the death, and the host bows below; the scholar cries with the minister in person; he does not go against the door, the lady goes out for the lady of the king, the lady goes out for the lady's order, and the scholar's wife should not be buried, so the lady goes out.
Whenever Shi Chong invited guests to a banquet, he would always ask beauties to serve wine. If a guest does not finish drinking, the eunuch will order the beauty to be beheaded. Prime Minister Wang and the general once visited Chong together. The Prime Minister could not drink, but he forced himself to drink until he became drunk. Whenever he met the general, he would not drink, in order to observe the changes. He had already killed three people, but his expression remained the same and he still refused to drink. The Prime Minister declined the offer, but the General said, "It is none of your business to kill his family members!"
Zeng Zi asked: "When the king leaves the border, he should be guarded for three years and follow the coffin. When the king dies, what should he do when he enters the palace?" Confucius said: "In the common funeral, the son wears hemp, a hat and a sash, a thin mourning, a thin coat, and a stick. Enter from the gate and ascend from the west steps. If it is a small burial, the son takes off his clothes and follows the coffin, enters from the door and ascends from the east steps. The king, the officials and the scholars are the same." Zeng Zi asked: "After the king's funeral is held, what should he do when he hears about the death of his parents?" Confucius said: "Just do it. After the seal is sealed and he returns, he will not wait for you." Zeng Zi asked: "After the parents' funeral is held, when he arrives on the road and hears about the death of the king, what should he do?" Confucius said: "Just do it. After the enfeoffment, he changed his clothes and went.
After Duke Huan abolished Haixi and established Jianwen, the attendant Xie Gong met Duke Huan and paid homage to him. Huan was surprised and laughed, "Anshi, what brings you here?" Xie replied, "I have never seen a king bow before me and a minister stand behind me!"
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