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In the suburban sacrifice, the mourners dare not cry, and those in mourning clothes dare not enter the country gate, which is the utmost respect. On the day of the sacrifice, the king leads the animal, the mu answers the king, and the ministers follow in order. After entering the temple gate, they are beautiful in front of the stele. The ministers and officials bare their clothes, and the hairy cows are still ears. They are cut with a phoenix knife, and the flesh and blood are taken out before they leave. Burning the sacrifice, offering the smell and leaving, is the utmost respect. In the suburban sacrifice, the great report to the sky is the main sun, and the moon is paired with it. The Xiahou clan sacrificed to the dark, the Yin people sacrificed to the yang, and the Zhou people sacrificed to the sun, starting in the morning and in the dark. Sacrifice to the sun on the altar, and sacrifice to the moon on the pit, to distinguish between the living and the dead, and to control the upper and lower. Sacrifice the sun in the east and the moon in the west to distinguish the outside from the inside and to set their positions. The sun rises in the east and the moon rises in the west. The length and shortness of yin and yang, the beginning and the end, are in rotation, so as to achieve harmony in the world. The rituals of the world are to return to the beginning, to respect ghosts and gods, to achieve harmony, to achieve righteousness, and to achieve yielding. Return to the beginning to strengthen the foundation; respect ghosts and gods to respect the superiors; use things to establish the rules of the people. If righteousness is achieved, the upper and lower will not rebel. If yielding is achieved, disputes will be eliminated. Combining these five is the ritual to govern the world. Although there are strange evils, those who cannot be governed are very small.

This month is the beginning of winter. Three days before the beginning of winter, the historian reported to the emperor: On a certain day, winter begins, and the great virtue is in the water. The emperor then stood up. On the day of the beginning of winter, the emperor personally led the three dukes, nine ministers, and officials to welcome winter in the northern suburbs, and then returned to reward the dead and provide relief to the orphans and widows. In this month, the emperor ordered the historian to use tortoise shells and divination to judge the good and bad fortunes, so as to investigate the favoritism, so that no crime could be covered up.

In the past, Confucius and the wax guests were together. After the event, they went out to the pavilion and sighed. Confucius sighed, probably sighing for Lu. Yan Yan, who was standing by, said: "Why do you sigh, gentleman?" Confucius said: "The practice of the great way, with the heroes of the three dynasties, I have not yet reached them, but I have the ambition to do so." The practice of the great way makes the world public. Select the virtuous and the capable, talk about trust and cultivate harmony, so that people not only love their relatives and their children, but also make sure that the old have a place to live, the strong have a place to work, the young have a place to grow, and the widowed, lonely, disabled and sick are all taken care of. Men have their share, and women have their home. Goods are not worth throwing away, so they don't have to keep them for themselves; strength is not worth using, so it doesn't have to be used for oneself. Therefore, plots are closed and not raised, thefts and riots are not committed, and the outer doors are not closed. This is called the Great Harmony. Now that the great way is hidden, the world is like a family. Everyone loves his relatives and his children. He uses his goods and strength for himself. The great people follow the etiquette of the generations. The city walls, ditches and ponds are used as a defense, and the etiquette and righteousness are used as a discipline; to correct the relationship between the ruler and the minister, to be loyal to the father and son, to be harmonious with the brothers, to be harmonious with the husband and wife, to establish the system, to establish the fields, to be virtuous, brave and knowledgeable, and to take credit for one's achievements. Therefore, plots are made from this, and wars are raised from this. Yu, Tang, Wen, Wu, King Cheng, and Duke Zhou were selected from this. There is no one among these six gentlemen who does not observe etiquette. To show the righteousness, to test the trustworthiness, to show the faults, to punish the kind and to encourage the yielding, to show the people that there is a constant. If there are those who do not follow this, those in power will leave, and the people will think it is a disaster. This is called the well-off society. Yan Yan asked again, "Is this why etiquette is so urgent?" Confucius said, "Etiquette is what the ancient kings used to follow the way of heaven and to govern people's emotions. Therefore, those who lose it die, and those who obtain it live. The Book of Songs says, 'The mouse has a body, but man is without etiquette; if man is without etiquette, why don't he die quickly?' Therefore, etiquette must be based on heaven, rubbed on earth, listed in ghosts and gods, and applied to funerals, sacrifices, archery, weddings, and marriages. Therefore, the sages showed it with etiquette, so that the world and the country can be rectified." Yan Yan asked again, "Master, what you said about rituals, can I hear them?" Confucius said, "I wanted to observe the way of Xia, so I went to Qi, but it was not enough to prove it; I got the time of Xia there. I wanted to observe the way of Yin, so I went to Song, but it was not enough to prove it; I got Kun and Gan there. The meaning of Kun and Gan, the same as the time of Xia, I observe it in this way." At the beginning of rituals, they started with food and drink. They burned millet and ate pork, stained the cups and drank from them, beat drums with sticks, as if they could show respect to ghosts and gods. When they died, they climbed up the roof and cried, saying, "Gao! So-and-so is back." Then they ate fishy food and ate sorghum. Therefore, when the sky looks up and the earth hides, the body and soul descend, and the spirit is above. Therefore, the dead head north and the living face south, all in accordance with the beginning. In the past, the ancient kings did not have palaces. In winter, they lived in caves and in summer, they lived in nests. Before the invention of fire, people ate the fruits of plants and trees, the flesh of birds and beasts, drank their blood, and ate their fur. Before there was hemp and silk, people wore feathers and skins. Later, when sages came into being, they improved the benefits of fire, molded gold and mixed earth to build terraces, palaces, windows and doors, and used them for cannon fire, burning, roasting and roasting to make sweet and cheese; processed hemp and silk to make cloth, to nourish the body and send off the dead, to serve ghosts, gods and God, all in accordance with the beginning of the year. Therefore, dark wine is in the room, sweet wine is in the door, rice and milk are in the hall, and clear wine is in the room. They display their sacrifices, prepare their tripods and sacrificial vessels, arrange their zithers, pipes, chimes, bells and drums, and perform their prayers to bring down the gods and ancestors. This is to rectify the relationship between the ruler and the minister, to strengthen the father and son, to reconcile brothers, to make the upper and lower equal, and to make husband and wife have something. This is called receiving the blessing from heaven. Make a prayer, offer dark wine as sacrifice, offer blood and hair, smear the sacrificial table, prepare the meat, and place the feast on the table. Use thin cloth to cover the table, cover the washed silk, offer wine and wine, offer roasted meat, and the king and his wife offer sacrifices to cheer the souls. This is called Hemo. Then retreat and Heheng, and feel the dogs, pigs, cattle and sheep, and fill the food containers, dishes, and soups. Pray with filial piety and sing with kindness. This is called Daxiang. This is the great achievement of ritual.

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