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Ji Kang and Lu Anshan were good friends. Whenever they missed each other, they would travel thousands of miles together. An came later, and when Kang was not at home, he was happy to go out and invite him in, but he did not come in. He wrote the word "Phoenix" on the door and left. I was happy without realizing it, but I still thought I was happy, so I pretended to be happy. The word "Phoenix" means any bird.
Today's teachers groan about their divination, ask a lot of questions, talk about numbers, and advance without caring about their safety. They make people not sincere, and teach people not to use their talents; their application is perverse, and their pursuit is foolish. That is why they hide their learning and hate their teachers, suffer from the difficulty and do not know the benefit. Even if they finish their studies, they will soon leave. Is this the reason why teaching is not a punishment?
Confucius said: "I ate at Shao Shi and was full, and Shao Shi fed me with courtesy. When I offered sacrifices, he stood up and said, 'Sparse food is not enough for offerings.' When I ate, he stood up and said, 'Sparse food, I dare not hurt my son.'"
Therefore, the teaching of ritual is subtle, and it can stop evil before it takes shape, making people move towards good and stay away from crimes without knowing it. That is why the ancient kings respected it. The Book of Changes says: "A gentleman should be cautious at the beginning, and the error of a millimeter will lead to a thousand miles." This is what it means.
Morality, benevolence and righteousness cannot be achieved without propriety, and teaching and correcting customs cannot be achieved without propriety. When resolving disputes, do not make the decision without proper etiquette. The relationship between the ruler and his subjects, father and son, and brothers cannot be determined without propriety. When an official studies or serves a teacher, he should not be close to him without proper etiquette. When Ban Chao governs the army and takes office to enforce the law, he must act with propriety and dignity. Praying to temples and offering sacrifices to ghosts and gods are not polite, sincere or solemn. Therefore, a gentleman is respectful, frugal, and yielding in order to show courtesy. Parrots can speak, but they are still birds; orangutans can speak, but they are still animals. People nowadays are rude, even if they can speak, don’t they have the heart of beasts? Only animals are so undisciplined that fathers and sons live together. Therefore, the sages created rituals to teach people. Teach people to be polite and know how to distinguish themselves from animals.
The ruler of the world is called the Son of Heaven. He meets the princes, assigns duties and grants government and merits, and is called "I am one person". He ascends the throne and attends sacrifices: for internal affairs, he is called "Xiao Wang So-and-so", and for external affairs, he is called "Successor Wang So-and-so". When he is in charge of the princes and ghosts and gods, he is called "You are the Heavenly King So-and-so". When he dies, he is called "The Heavenly King Blew". When he recovers, he is called "The Son of Heaven Has Recovered". When he announces his death, he is called "The Heavenly King Takes Charge". He is placed in the temple and the master is called "Emperor". Before the Son of Heaven is released from mourning, he is called "I am the little son". He is called this name when he is alive and he is called this name when he is dead.
The Master said: "The world and the country can be equal, the title and salary can be refused, and the sword can be stepped on, but the middle way is impossible."
The Son of Heaven is equal to Heaven and Earth. Therefore, virtue matches heaven and earth, and benefits all things. It is as bright as the sun and the moon, illuminating the four seas without leaving out the small. In the court, the order of benevolence, holiness, propriety and righteousness is followed; in banquets, the music of Ya and Song is listened to; when walking, there is the sound of rings and pendants; when riding in a car, there is the sound of phoenixes and harmonious birds. There is propriety in residence, and there is moderation in advance and retreat. All officials are in their proper place, and all things are in their proper order. The Book of Songs says: "A virtuous man and a gentleman, his etiquette is not wrong. If his etiquette is not wrong, it will be the right way for the four countries." This is what it means. When the people are pleased with orders and decrees, it is called harmony; when the upper and lower are close to each other, it is called benevolence; when the people get what they want without asking for it, it is called trust; and when the harm of heaven and earth is removed, it is called righteousness. Righteousness and trustworthiness, harmony and benevolence are the tools of a hegemon. If there is the intention to govern the people but there is no tool, it will not work.
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