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Zhuangzi's "Xiaoyao" chapter was a difficult passage in the past. Many famous scholars could study it, but they could not extract the principles beyond those of Guo and Xiang. Zhi Daolin was talking with Feng Taichang in the White Horse Temple, and also talked about Xiaoyao. Zhi Zhuoran put forward new theories on the stage of the two schools of thought and established different opinions from those of other sages, which were what other famous scholars could not find. Later, Zhi Li was used.
The Book of Songs says: "Be both wise and prudent, and protect your body." Is this what it means?
Ziyun said: "If the superiors consider the words of the people, then the heaven will give them favors; if the superiors do not consider the words of the people, then they will be offended; if the heaven does not give them favors, then there will be chaos. ”Therefore, if a gentleman governs the people with trust and humility, the people will repay him with respect. The Book of Songs says, “The ancients had a saying: consult with common people.”
In the battle at Lang, Gongshu Yu met a man who came to the rescue with a stick on his back and said, "Even if he is sick and the responsibility is heavy, a gentleman cannot make plans, and a scholar cannot die. No! I have already said it." He and his neighbor Tong Wangji went there, and they all died there. The people of Lu wanted to avoid the death of Tong Wangji, so they asked Zhongni. Zhongni said: "If you can take up arms to defend the state, even if you don't want to die, isn't it good?"
When Zigong asked about mourning, Confucius said, "Respect is the best, grief is the next, and thinness is the worst. The color of the face reflects the feelings; the sorrowful expression reflects the clothes." When asked about the mourning of brothers, Confucius said, "The mourning of brothers is recorded in the books and strategies. "A gentleman does not take away the mourning of others, nor should he take away his own mourning. Confucius said: "Shaolian and Dalian are good at mourning. They do not get tired for three days and do not stop for three months. They are sad for a long time and worried for three years. They are the sons of Dongyi. ”
Therefore, if male education is not cultivated, yang affairs cannot be achieved, and it happens to be seen in the sky, the sun is eclipsed; if female obedience is not cultivated, yin affairs cannot be achieved, and it happens to be seen in the sky, the moon is eclipsed. Therefore, when the sun is eclipsed, the emperor wears plain clothes and cultivates the duties of the six officials, and eliminates the yang affairs of the world; when the moon is eclipsed, the queen wears plain clothes and cultivates the duties of the six palaces, and eliminates the yin affairs of the world. Therefore, the emperor and the queen are like the sun and the moon, the yin and the yang, and they need each other to succeed. The emperor cultivates male education, which is the father's way; the queen cultivates female obedience, which is the mother's way. Therefore, it is said that the relationship between the emperor and the empress is like that between a father and his mother. Therefore, to wear mourning clothes for the emperor is the same as to wear mourning clothes for the father; to wear mourning clothes for the empress is the same as to wear mourning clothes for the mother.
After Ji Zhongsan was executed, Xiang Ziqi reported the county to Luoyang. King Wen of the Zhou Dynasty invited him in and asked, "I heard that you have ambitions to go to Jishan. Why are you here?" Xiang Ziqi replied, "Chao and Xu are both arrogant and servile people. They are not worth admiring." The king was greatly impressed.
From benevolence, leading relatives, and going up to the ancestors, it is called light. From righteousness, leading ancestors, and going down to the ancestors, it is called heavy. One is light and the other is heavy, and the meaning is so.
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