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Ziyou asked, “Is it a courtesy to mourn a loving mother as if she were your own mother?” Confucius said, “It is not a courtesy. In ancient times, men had tutors outside and loving mothers inside, and they were appointed by the king to teach their children. Why should they wear mourning clothes? In the past, Duke Zhao of Lu lost his mother when he was young. He had a loving mother who was good. When her mother died, the duke could not bear to mourn her. He wanted to mourn her. The officials reported it to the king, who said, “According to the ancient etiquette, loving mothers should not be mourned. Now you are mourning for her. This is against the ancient etiquette and disrupts the laws of the country. If you carry it out, the officials will write it down and leave it to future generations. Isn’t it wrong!” The duke said, “In ancient times, the emperor wore a silk hat when he was at home. 'The Duke could not bear it, so he wore a white hat to mourn his beloved mother. The practice of mourning a beloved mother began with Duke Zhao of Lu. Zengzi asked, "When the princes meet the emperor, they cannot complete the ceremony when entering the door. How many of them are abolished?" Confucius said, "Four." Please ask. He said, "The great temple is on fire, the sun is eclipsed, the queen's funeral, and the rain soaks the clothes and makes them lose their appearance, then it is abolished. If all the princes are present and the sun is eclipsed, they will follow the emperor to put out the sun, and each will give his own weapons in his own color. If the great temple is on fire, they will follow the emperor to put out the fire, and will not give his own weapons in his own color." Zengzi asked, "When the princes meet, they bow and yield to each other when entering the door, and cannot complete the ceremony. How many of them are abolished?" Confucius said, "Six." Please ask. He said, "When the emperor dies, the great temple is on fire, the sun is eclipsed, the queen's funeral, and the rain soaks the clothes and makes them lose their appearance, then it is abolished." Zengzi asked, "When the emperor has offered sacrifices to the five sacrifices in the suburbs and the altars, the food and utensils have been laid out, and when the emperor dies, what should be done with the queen's funeral?" Confucius said, "Abolished. Zengzi asked, "When the sacrifice is to be made and the sun is eclipsed, and the Taimiao is on fire, what should be done with the sacrifice?" Confucius said, "Just follow the sacrifice. If the animal arrives but has not been killed, it is cancelled. When the emperor dies but has not been buried, the five sacrifices cannot be performed; after the funeral, the sacrifice is performed, the corpse is brought in, the three meals are not served, and the wine is not vinegared. From the opening to the return of the mourning, the five sacrifices cannot be performed; after the burial, the sacrifice is performed, the prayers are finished and the offerings are made." Zengzi asked, "When the princes offer sacrifices to the gods and grain, the sacrificial vessels and dishes are already laid out. What should they do when they hear of the death of the emperor, the mourning of the queen, the death of the king, or the mourning of the lady?" Confucius said, "Abolish it. From the death to the funeral, from the opening to the return of the mourning, they serve the emperor." Zengzi asked, "When the ministers offer sacrifices, the tripods and sacrificial vessels are laid out, and the dishes are set out, but the rituals cannot be completed. How many of them are cancelled?" Confucius said, "Nine. "Please ask. He said: "The death of the emperor, the mourning of the queen, the death of the monarch, the mourning of the lady, the fire of the monarch's grand temple, the solar eclipse, the three-year mourning, the mourning of Qisui and the great merit are all abolished. The mourning of the outside world from Qisui onwards is carried out. The sacrifice of Qisui is that the corpse is brought in, three meals are not served, and the wine is not made with vinegar. The great merit is just a vinegar. The small merit and mourning are just things in the room. The reason why scholars are different is that they do not offer sacrifices in mourning, and they offer sacrifices to the dead without wearing mourning clothes. "

Mr. Xi lived during the Yongjia Rebellion, and his hometown was very poor and hungry. The villagers praised his virtue and shared the feast with him. The Duke often brought his brother's son Mai and his aunt's two younger sons Zhou Yi to eat there. The villagers said, "We are all hungry and in need. Since you are a wise man, we want to help you. But we are afraid that we cannot save enough for both of us." So the Duke went to eat alone, and he always put rice on his cheeks and spit it out to his two children. Later they both survived and crossed the river together. After Duke Xi died, Yi was appointed as the county magistrate of Shan. After resigning from his post, he returned home and laid straw at the head of Duke Xi's bed, mourning for the whole three years.

After Wang Runan took off his birth mourning clothes, he stopped at the tomb. Whenever my brother's son Ji came to pay respect to the tomb, he would never visit my uncle, and my uncle would not wait for him either. When the time for Ji Tuo passes, only the cold and fever will be stopped. Later, he asked Ji about recent events and his answers were very meaningful, which surprised Ji and made him extremely disappointed and shocked. Still talking, creating a clear and subtle world. Jixian had no respect for his father-in-law or nephew, so when he heard his words, he was frightened and his heart and body were solemn. So we stayed and talked all day and night. Although Ji was handsome, he thought he was lacking, so he sighed and said, "There is a famous person in my family, but I didn't know about him for thirty years!" When Ji left, his uncle saw him off to the door. Ji Congqi had a horse, which was extremely difficult to ride and few people could ride it. Ji Liao asked Shu: "Do you like riding?" Shu replied: "Yes, I do." Ji then asked Shu to ride a difficult horse. Shu had a wonderful figure and could turn the whip like a spiral. No famous rider could surpass him. Ji Yi sighed that it was hard to predict and it was not just one thing. After returning, Hun asked Ji, "Why did you travel for so many days?" Ji said, "I just met my uncle." Hun asked why. Ji Ju sighed and said this. Hun said, "How about me?" Ji said, "Ji is better than you." Whenever Emperor Wu met Ji, he would tease him by saying, "Is your fool uncle dead?" Ji always had no answer. After getting Shu, Emperor Wu asked again as before. Ji said, "My uncle is not stupid." He praised his true beauty. The emperor asked, "Who can compare to him?" Ji said, "Below Shan Tao, and above Wei Shu." Thus he became famous. At the age of 28, he began his official career.

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Princess Mo of Ye Luoli

Gong Sun Pei Jing

When Zhang Wuxing was eight years old, he was missing teeth. The wise knew that this was not normal, so they joked with him, "Why is there a dog hole in your mouth?" Zhang replied, "It is for you to go in and out through it!"

Urban Water God

Fang Qingfen

Wang and Liu always disrespected Lord Cai. The two men once went to Cai and talked for a long time. Then they asked Cai, "How do you think you compare to Yi Fu?" Cai replied, "I am not as good as Yi Fu." Wang and Liu looked at each other and laughed, saying, "How are you not as good as him?" Cai replied, "Yi Fu is not as good as you!"

Jin Yi Chun

Xian Yu Chang Li

Even after his parents die, if he wants to do good things and wants to bring good reputation to his parents, he will do it; if he wants to do bad things and wants to bring shame to his parents, he will not do it. When the uncle dies, the aunt will be old. The tomb-wife's sacrifices and guests must be asked to the aunt, and the intermediary woman must ask the tomb-wife. If the uncle and aunt use the tomb-wife, do not be lazy, be unfriendly and rude to the intermediary woman. If the uncle and aunt use the intermediary woman, do not dare to fight the tomb-wife, do not walk side by side, do not order her to do the same, and do not sit with her. All women should not leave unless they are ordered to go to the private room. If a woman has something to do, no matter how big or small, she must ask the uncle and aunt. The son's wife should not have private goods, private livestock, or private utensils. She should not borrow privately or give privately. If a woman gives food, clothing, cloth, pendants, or orchids to a man, he should accept them and offer them to his uncle and aunt. If the uncle and aunt accept them, they will be happy as if they had just received a gift. If they are given back, they should refuse and not be ordered. If they are given again, they should store them for future use. If a woman has a private brother who wants to give something, she must ask for the reason again and give it to him after he is given. Married sons and concubines only serve the eldest son and his wife. Even if they are rich, they dare not enter the eldest son's house with their wealth. Even if they have many carriages and servants, they should enter with a few. If the sons and younger brothers return utensils, clothing, furs, quilts, carriages and horses, they must offer the best ones before they dare to use the next best ones. If they are not offered, they dare not enter the eldest son's house with them, and dare not use their wealth to add to their father, brothers and clans. If they are rich, they should prepare two animals and offer the wisest one to the eldest son. The husband and wife should all be present and the clan should show respect. Only after the ceremony is over can they dare to offer sacrifices privately.

No. 1 marriage favorite: My husband is so awesome!

Fan Jiang Yi Zhou

The Master said: “In the past, the wise kings of the Three Dynasties all worshipped the gods of heaven and earth, and used divination. They did not dare to use their private interests to disrespect the gods. Therefore, they did not violate the sun and the moon, and did not violate divination. Divination does not follow each other. Big events have their dates; small events have no dates, but divination. External events use hard days, internal events use soft days. They do not violate the tortoise shells. ”The Master said: “Sacrifices, rituals and music are all prosperous, so there is no harm to the gods and ghosts, and no resentment from the people.”The Master said: “The sacrifices of Hou Ji are easy to be rich; his words are respectful, his desires are frugal, and his salary is passed on to his descendants. The Book of Songs says: ‘Hou Ji’s omen sacrifices, and the people have no guilt and regret, and this has continued to this day. ’”The Master said: “The great man’s instrument is awe-inspiring. The Son of Heaven does not use divination; the princes have divination. The Son of Heaven uses divination for the way; the princes do not use divination for countries other than their own. Divination for the house and bedroom. The Son of Heaven does not use divination for the great temple. ” Confucius said: “A gentleman is respectful and uses sacrificial vessels. Therefore, he does not abandon the sun and the moon, does not violate the tortoise shells and divination, and respectfully serves his ruler. In this way, the superiors do not disrespect the people, and the inferiors do not disrespect the superiors.”

Designated driver woman

Qinerlan

The Master said: "How difficult it is for a gentleman to be benevolent! The Book of Songs says: "A gentleman who is kind and respectful is the parents of the people. 'Teach him with kindness and strength; comfort him with kindness. Be happy but not wild, be kind and respectful with courtesy, be respectful with dignity, be filial and kind and respectful. Make the people respect their fathers and be close to their mothers. Only in this way can one be a parent to the people. Who else but the most virtuous can do this? Now, the father loves his son, but loves the virtuous and the incompetent; the mother loves her son, but loves the virtuous and pities the incompetent. The mother is loved but not respected; the father is respected but not loved. Water is loved but not respected; fire is respected but not loved. Earth is loved but not respected; Heaven is respected but not loved. Fate is loved but not respected; Ghosts are respected but not loved. "The Master said: "The Xia way respected fate, served ghosts, revered gods but kept them at a distance, approached people but were loyal to them, first paid salaries and then authorized power, first rewarded and then punished, loved but not respected; the people were stupid and foolish, arrogant and unsophisticated, simple and uncultured. The Yin people respected the gods and led the people to serve the gods, first ghosts and then rituals, first punished and then rewarded, respected but not loved; the people were unruly but not calm, victorious but shameless. The Zhou people respected etiquette and valued charity. They worshipped ghosts and gods but kept them at a distance, and were close to people but loyal to them. Their rewards and punishments were based on rank, and they were close but not respectful. The people were corrupt: they were greedy and cunning, cultured but not ashamed, and treacherous but blind. "The Master said: "The Xia way did not violate words, did not seek preparation, did not expect much from the people, and the people did not get tired of their relatives; the Yin people did not violate etiquette, but sought preparation from the people; the Zhou people strengthened the people, did not violate gods, but used rewards, ranks and punishments." The Master said: "The way of Yu and Xia had few complaints from the people; the way of Yin and Zhou was not as bad as it was." The Master said: "The quality of Yu and Xia, and the culture of Yin and Zhou, are the best. The culture of Yu and Xia was not as good as its quality; the quality of Yin and Zhou was not as good as its culture." The Master said: "Although there are authors in later generations, they cannot reach the level of Emperor Yu. The ruler of the world is selfless in life and does not treat his children with kindness in death. The people are like parents, with a love of fear and sorrow, and a teaching of loyalty and benefit. He is close to them and respects them, and is safe and respectful. He is powerful and loves them. He is rich and polite, and is kind and generous. His gentleman respects benevolence and fears righteousness, is ashamed to waste and neglect reality, is loyal but not offending, is righteous and obedient, is cultured and calm, and is lenient and discerning. "Fu Xing" says: "Virtue and power are powerful, and virtue and brightness are bright. "Who else but Emperor Yu can do this?" Confucius said: "Serving the ruler first supports his words, bows and offers himself, so as to make him trustworthy. Therefore, the ruler has responsibilities for his ministers, and the ministers have the responsibility to die for their words. Therefore, he does not falsely accept rewards, and he receives fewer punishments." Confucius said: "Serving the ruler, if big words come in, he hopes for big benefits, and if small words come in, he hopes for small benefits. Therefore, a gentleman does not accept big rewards for small words, nor does he accept small rewards for big words. "Yi" says: "Not eating at home is auspicious. " Confucius said: "Serving the ruler does not make it clear, does not value words, and does not do it if it is not the right person. Xiaoya said: "Be calm and upright in your position; the gods will listen to you, and you will be ashamed of yourself." Confucius said: "If you advise your lord from a distance, you are a flatterer; if you do not advise your lord from a close distance, you are a sycophant." Confucius said: "The ministers near you should guard the harmony, the ministers should rectify the hundreds of officials, and the ministers should consider the four directions." Confucius said: "When you serve your lord, you should want to advise him but not to express your opinions. The Book of Songs says: "If the heart loves, it will not mention its flaws; if the heart hides it, how can it be forgotten?" Confucius said: "If it is difficult to advance in your lord and easy to retreat, your position will be in order; if it is easy to advance in your lord and difficult to retreat, then there will be chaos. Therefore, a gentleman bows three times before advancing and says goodbye once before retreating, so as to avoid chaos." Confucius said: "If you refuse to serve your lord three times and do not leave, then you will seek profit and fame; even if people say they don't want it, I will not believe them." Confucius said: "When you serve your lord, you should be cautious at the beginning and respectful at the end." Confucius said: "You can be noble or humble, rich or poor, alive or dead, but you must not make it cause chaos. "The Master said, "In serving the sovereign, one should not avoid difficulties in the army or refuse humble positions in the court. If one is in a position but does not perform his duties, chaos will occur. Therefore, if the sovereign enables his ministers to achieve their goals, then he should carefully consider and follow them; if not, then he should consider carefully and follow them. To retire after the end of a task is a sign of the minister's loyalty. The Book of Changes says, 'Not serving the king or the nobles is to be noble in one's work.'" The Master said, "Only the emperor receives his mandate from heaven, and the scholars receive their mandate from the sovereign. Therefore, if the sovereign's orders are in compliance with the sovereign's orders, the ministers will obey the orders; if the sovereign's orders are in opposition to the sovereign's orders, the ministers will disobey the orders. The Book of Songs says, 'The magpie is ginger and the quail is bell-bellied; I regard people who are unscrupulous as my sovereign.'"

The evil heart is a disaster

Duanmu Shanhan

He Qiao was favored by Emperor Wu, and he said to Qiao: "The Crown Prince seems to have made progress recently. You can go and see him." He also asked, "How is he?" The answer was: "The Crown Prince is as holy as before."

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