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When Confucius was at home, Zixia served him. Zixia said, "May I ask what the Book of Songs says: 'The noble and the gentleman are the parents of the people'. How can this be called the parents of the people? ”Confucius said: "The parents of the people must understand the origin of ritual and music, so as to achieve the five ultimates, and practice the three nothings, so as to be able to rule the world. If there is a defeat in the four directions, they must know it first. This is called the parents of the people. ”
People with the same surname follow the clan and are of the same clan; people with different surnames follow the name and govern the society. Names are written, but men and women are different. If the husband belongs to the father's way, his wife is the mother's way; if the husband belongs to the son's way, his wife is the wife's way. If the brother's wife is called "wife", can the sister-in-law also be called "mother"? Name is the most important thing in human governance, so can we not be careful? After four generations, the mourning period is exhausted; after five generations, the same surname is killed. After six generations, the relatives are exhausted. The common surnames are distinguished at the top, and the relatives are at the bottom. Can marriages be allowed? They are tied by surnames and are not distinguished, and they are tied by food and are not different. Even if a hundred generations, marriages cannot be allowed, this is the way of Zhou.
At first, Mars entered Taiwei and then moved to the west of the abandoned Hai. After Jianwen ascended the throne, he entered Taiwei again, which the emperor disliked. At that time, Xi Chao was the Secretary of the Central Secretariat. He summoned Chao and said, "The Mandate of Heaven is short, so there is no need to calculate. Shouldn't the government keep away from recent events?" Chao said, "The Grand Marshal is currently strengthening the borders and protecting the country. He must not have such concerns. I, your Majesty, will guarantee it with my hundreds of people." The emperor then recited a poem by Yu Zhongchu, "Ambitious men grieve over the dangers of the court, loyal ministers mourn over the humiliation of their lord." His voice was very mournful. When Xi was granted leave to return to the east, the emperor said, "I pay my respects to you, my lord. The affairs of our country have come to this point! As a result, I am unable to protect the country with the right principles and to take precautions against potential disasters. I feel deeply ashamed and sighed. How can I express this?" He burst into tears.
In this month, the emperor ordered the musicians to repair the drums, harps, zithers, flutes, pipes, and flutes, to play the halberds, spears, spears, and feathers, to tune the 竽, 笙, 篧, and 韷镔. He ordered the officials to pray to the mountains, rivers, and springs for the people, and to perform the Great Rain God with great music. He ordered all the counties to perform the Rain God and all the ministers who were beneficial to the people, to pray for a good harvest. The farmers harvested millet.
The Master said: "Ritual is reason; music is moderation. A gentleman does not move without reason, and does not act without moderation. If he cannot read poetry, he is wrong in etiquette; if he cannot play music, he is simple in etiquette; if he is weak in virtue, he is empty in etiquette. "The Master said, "The system is in the rites, the culture is in the rites, and the practice is up to the people!" Zigong crossed the table and replied, "May I ask: Is Kui poor?" The Master said, "Ancient people? Ancient people. Those who are good at rites but not music are called simple; those who are good at music but not rites are called partial. Kui was good at music but not rites, so he passed down this name. He was an ancient person."
Confucius said: "Guan Zhong carved a gui with red ribbons, a birch tree and a reverse altar, and a mountain knot and a colorful ash. He is a virtuous official, but it is difficult to be a superior. Yan Pingzhong worshipped his ancestors. A pig's shoulder does not cover the bowl. He is a virtuous official, but it is difficult to be a subordinate. A gentleman does not usurp the superior, and does not oppress the inferior. ”
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