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"Confucian scholars are approachable but not robbed; they can be approached but not forced; they can be killed but not humiliated. Their residence is not lewd, and their food is not humid; their mistakes can be slightly identified but not counted. There are such people who are resolute. Confucians have loyalty and trustworthiness as armor, propriety and righteousness as oars; they act with benevolence and live with righteousness. Even if there is a tyranny, they will not change their position. They are like this in their self-reliance.
The person who ordered the wine was poured, said, "Please serve the wine." The person who poured the wine said, "Yes." Those who were supposed to drink all knelt down to offer the wine, and said, "Pour it." The winner knelt down and said, "Respectfully raise it."
In ancient times, the officials of the Zhou emperor had the Shuzi official. The Shuzi official was the Shuzi soldiers of the princes, ministers, officials, and scholars. He was in charge of their warnings and orders, and taught and governed them, distinguished their ranks, and corrected their positions. When the country had major events, he led the national sons to the eldest son and used them. If there were matters of armor and weapons, he would give them chariots and armor, combine their soldiers, and assign their officials to govern them by military law. Sima Fu did not correct them. In all state affairs, the Imperial Academy keeps wandering soldiers to cultivate virtue and learn the Dao. In spring, they learn various subjects, and in autumn, they learn archery to test their skills and promote or demote them.
Then why is it three years? Answer: The closest relatives are separated by a period. Why is that? Answer: The heaven and earth have changed, the four seasons have changed, and everything in the heaven and earth has been renewed, so it is a symbol. Then why is it three years? Answer: It is to add more, so why double it, so it is a double period. Why is it from September to below? Answer: Why not make it less than that. Therefore, three years is a period of mourning, a small mourning is a period of mourning, and a period of nine months is a period of mourning. Take the image from the sky above, the law from the earth below, and the example from people in the middle, and the principle of human beings living together and in harmony is complete. Therefore, the three-year mourning is the most elegant of human nature, and this is called the most solemn. This is the same for all kings, and the same for ancient and modern times, but no one knows where it comes from. Confucius said: "After three years of life, one can escape from the embrace of parents; the three-year mourning is the most common mourning in the world."
Before He Yan finished his annotations on Laozi, he met Wang Bi who was explaining the purpose of his annotations on Laozi. Why do I have so many shortcomings? I can no longer say anything, but just agree to yes. So I stopped paying attention and wrote a discussion on morality.
Establishing power and measurement, examining articles, changing the calendar, changing the color of clothes, distinguishing emblems, different tools, and different clothes, these are what he obtains and changes with the people. There are some things that cannot be changed: loving one's relatives, respecting the elders, and distinguishing between men and women. These are things that cannot be changed with the people.
Ritual is to the right state: it is like a scale to weight, a ruler to straightness, and a compass to squareness. Therefore, if the scale is honestly hung, it cannot be deceived by the weight; if the ruler is honestly laid out, it cannot be deceived by the crookedness; if the rules are honestly set up, it cannot be deceived by the squareness and roundness; a gentleman examines the rites and cannot be accused of treachery. Therefore, those who respect the rites and follow the rites are called the gentlemen with the rules; those who do not respect the rites and do not follow the rites are called the people without the rules. It is the way of respect and yielding. Therefore, when serving the ancestral temple, one is respectful; when entering the court, the noble and the humble have their positions; when living at home, the father and son are close and the brothers are harmonious; when living in the village, the elders and the young are in order. Confucius said: "To settle the state and govern the people, nothing is better than rites." This is what he meant.
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