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Emperor Ming asked Zhou Boren: "How do you think you compare to Xi Jian?" Zhou said: "Jian is a good minister, if he has the ability." He asked Xi again. Xi said: "Zhou Xi is comparable to me, and has the style of a great scholar."
The Son of Heaven is equal to Heaven and Earth. Therefore, virtue matches heaven and earth, and benefits all things. It is as bright as the sun and the moon, illuminating the four seas without leaving out the small. In the court, the order of benevolence, holiness, propriety and righteousness is followed; in banquets, the music of Ya and Song is listened to; when walking, there is the sound of rings and pendants; when riding in a car, there is the sound of phoenixes and harmonious birds. There is propriety in residence, and there is moderation in advance and retreat. All officials are in their proper place, and all things are in their proper order. The Book of Songs says: "A virtuous man and a gentleman, his etiquette is not wrong. If his etiquette is not wrong, it will be the right way for the four countries." This is what it means. When the people are pleased with orders and decrees, it is called harmony; when the upper and lower are close to each other, it is called benevolence; when the people get what they want without asking for it, it is called trust; and when the harm of heaven and earth is removed, it is called righteousness. Righteousness and trustworthiness, harmony and benevolence are the tools of a hegemon. If there is the intention to govern the people but there is no tool, it will not work.
Someone asked Yuan Shizhong, "How does Yin Zhongkan compare to Han Kangbo?" He replied, "In terms of reason and righteousness, it is hard to tell who is better or worse; but in the quiet courtyard, there are still famous scholars, and Yin is not as good as Han." Therefore, Yin wrote a eulogy: "Jingmen is closed during the day, and the idle courtyard is peaceful."
Then why is it three years? Answer: The closest relatives are separated by a period. Why is that? Answer: The heaven and earth have changed, the four seasons have changed, and everything in the heaven and earth has been renewed, so it is a symbol. Then why is it three years? Answer: It is to add more, so why double it, so it is a double period. Why is it from September to below? Answer: Why not make it less than that. Therefore, three years is a period of mourning, a small mourning is a period of mourning, and a period of nine months is a period of mourning. Take the image from the sky above, the law from the earth below, and the example from people in the middle, and the principle of human beings living together and in harmony is complete. Therefore, the three-year mourning is the most elegant of human nature, and this is called the most solemn. This is the same for all kings, and the same for ancient and modern times, but no one knows where it comes from. Confucius said: "After three years of life, one can escape from the embrace of parents; the three-year mourning is the most common mourning in the world."
When the princes travel and die in the guesthouse, they will return to their country. If they are on the road, they will raise the left hub of their carriage and use it to saddle it. Their saddles have a saddle, and they travel with black cloth skirts and white brocade curtains as a roof. When the temple gate is reached, the wall is not torn down before entering the place of burial, but only the chariot is used to announce the death outside the temple gate. When a senior official or scholar dies on the road, the left hub of the carriage is lifted up and the body is brought back with the reins. If the death occurs at the residence, the body is brought back as at home. Senior officials use cloth as chariots to walk, and when they arrive at home, they use the chariots to carry the body, and when they enter the gate and reach the steps on the east side, they use the chariots to carry the body, and then they are lifted up from the steps on the east side and brought back to the place of burial. The chariots of scholars use reed mats as the roof and cattail mats as the skirt and curtain.
"Confucians live with modern people and study with ancient people; they practice what they do in the present and they are regarded as models by future generations; they are not in the right era, and they are not supported by their superiors and pushed by their subordinates. There are people who form a party and endanger them. Their bodies can be endangered, but their will cannot be taken away. Although they live in danger, they still believe in their will and will not forget the people's suffering. Their worries are like this.
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