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Zigong asked Confucius, "May I ask why gentlemen value jade and despise enamel? Is it because jade is scarce and enamel is plentiful?" Confucius said, "It is not because enamel is plentiful that they despise it, but because jade is scarce that they value it. In the past, gentlemen compared virtues to jade: warm and moist, it is benevolence; meticulous and fine, it is knowledge; incorruptible but not sharp, it is righteousness; hanging like a string, it is courtesy; knocking, the sound is clear and long, and it bends at the end, it is music; flaws do not cover the beauty, and beauty does not cover the flaws, it is loyalty; trustworthiness is everywhere, it is trustworthiness; aura is like a white rainbow, it is heaven; spirit is seen in mountains and rivers, it is earth; jade is outstanding, it is virtue. What is valued by all in the world is the Tao. The Book of Songs says, 'When I think of a gentleman, he is as warm as jade.' Therefore, gentlemen value it."
Therefore, a gentleman should be cautious and not lose his face in front of others. The king should be polite, and the ministers should be inferior to him. The ministers should be polite, and the scholars should be inferior to him. Etiquette should not be given to common people, and punishment should not be given to ministers. Punishers should not be at the king's side.
The host personally invites the guests to the door, and the guests follow him. As for the door, the host bows to the guests and the door, and the guests enter by themselves; the distinction between noble and humble is made. Three bows to the steps, three concessions to the guests, bowing to the door, offering, paying, and refusing are complicated. The door is simple. As for the guests ascending to receive, sitting to offer, standing to drink. No toasts and descending; the distinction between high and low is made.
Yin Zhongjun, Sun Anguo, Wang, Xie Nengyan and other wise men were all in Kuaiji Wang Xu. Yin and Sun discussed together that the images of Yi are wonderful in showing the real shapes. Sun Yu’s words were in harmony with the truth and he was full of high spirits. Everyone present was uneasy about Sun Li, but they could not give in. The King of Kuaiji sighed and said, "If Zhenchang is here, we should be able to control him." After welcoming Zhenchang, Sun felt that he was inferior to him. When Zhenchang arrived, he first asked Sun to explain the original principle himself. Sun Cuo spoke his own words, and he also felt that they were not as good as before. Liu then made a speech of about 200 words, but his words were difficult to be concise and clear, and Sun Li finally gave in. Everyone sitting there clapped their hands and laughed, praising it for a long time.
The Master said: "The virtue of ghosts and gods is so great? You can see them but not see them, you can hear them but not hear them, you can feel things but not miss them, and make people all over the world wear bright and beautiful clothes to carry out sacrifices. It is as if they are above them and on their left and right. The Book of Songs says: 'The thoughts of the gods are beyond measure! How can they be shot!' The subtle is revealed, and the sincerity cannot be concealed."
When Cai Hong went to Luoyang, the people of Luoyang asked him, "When the government was first established, the officials appointed officials to seek the talented and extraordinary in the humble and to recruit the wise and talented from the caves. You are a man of Wu and Chu, the survivors of the fallen countries. What special talents do you have to be selected?" Cai replied, "The pearls that shine in the night don't have to come from the Mengjin River; the jade that fits in the hand doesn't have to be mined from the Kunlun Mountain. Dayu was born in the Dongyi, and King Wen was born in the Xiqiang. Why should the saints and wise men stay in the same place? When King Wu defeated King Zhou and moved the stubborn people to Luoyi, could you be their descendants?"
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