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People at that time saw "Xiahou Taichu as bright as the sun and the moon in one's arms, while Li Anguo as decadent as a jade mountain about to collapse."
In the past, King Zhou of Shang caused chaos in the world, and he dried the ghost marquis to entertain the princes. So Duke Zhou assisted King Wu to defeat King Zhou. After King Wu died, King Cheng was young and weak, so Duke Zhou took the throne of the emperor to rule the world; in the sixth year, he met with the princes in the Mingtang, made rituals and music, and issued measurements, and the world was greatly convinced; in the seventh year, he handed over the government to King Cheng; King Cheng regarded Duke Zhou as having made great contributions to the world, so he enfeoffed Duke Zhou in Qufu, with an area of 700 li, 1,000 chariots, and ordered Duke Lu to worship Duke Zhou for generations with the rituals and music of the son of heaven.
Foreign affairs are firm on the day, and domestic affairs are gentle on the day. For divination days: those outside the ten days are called distant days, and those within the ten days are called near days. Funerals are preceded by distant days, and auspicious days are preceded by near days. It is said: "For the day, if you use the tortoise shell, there is a regularity, and if you use the divination stick, there is a regularity."
Bian Wangzhi said: "There are three opposites in Xi Gong's character: he is good at doing things, but he likes to flatter others. This is the first opposite. He is honest and upright, and he makes great plans. This is the second opposite. He likes to read books and hates other people's knowledge. This is the third opposite."
The Master said: "The one who has no worries is only King Wen! He took King Ji as his father and King Wu as his son. The father created it, and the son continued it. King Wu inherited the thread of King Da, King Ji, and King Wen, and wore a military uniform and ruled the world. He did not lose his body. The world's most famous name, respected as the Son of Heaven, rich in the four seas. The ancestral temples offer sacrifices to him, and his descendants protect him. When King Wu was the last to receive the mandate, Duke Zhou continued the virtues of Wen and Wu, and honored the great kings and the young kings with the rites of the Son of Heaven. This rite extends to the princes, officials, and common people. If the father is an official and the son is an official, he shall be buried with an official and offered sacrifices to an official. If the father is an official and the son is an official, he shall be buried with an official and offered sacrifices to an official. The mourning period extends to officials. The mourning period of three years extends to the Son of Heaven. The mourning of parents is the same for both the noble and the humble.
The first ten years of a person's life are spent as a child, learning. At twenty, one is weak and then crowned. At thirty, a man is considered strong and has a wife. At forty one is strong and can serve in an official capacity. At fifty, he is called Ai, and he serves as an official. Sixty is called Ji, which means to give instructions. Seventy is considered old, and time for passing on. Eighty or ninety years old is called mao, and seven years old is called dao. Even if the people of dao and mao are guilty, they shall not be punished. A hundred years is called Yi.
Zeng Zi asked, “The ministers and officials will prepare the corpse for the Duke, and they will receive the funeral rites overnight, but there is mourning in the mourning clothes. What should we do?” Confucius said, “When the corpse is taken out, it should be kept in the palace to wait for the funeral. This is the etiquette.” Confucius said, “When the corpse is taken out with a hat and a crown, the ministers, officials, and scholars should all get out of the way. The corpse must be arranged in a proper manner and must be led in front.” Zixia asked, “Is it the etiquette that the mourning period of three years is over and there is no need to avoid the funeral rites? Was there a supervisor at the beginning?” Confucius said, “The three-year mourning period of the Xia Dynasty was over, and the funeral rites were held after the funeral. The Yin people held the funeral rites after the burial. The Records says, ‘A gentleman does not deprive others of their relatives, and one should not deprive them of their relatives.’ Is this what it means?” Zixia said, “There is no need to avoid the funeral rites, is it not? Confucius said, "I heard Lao Dan say that Duke Boqin of Lu did it for a purpose. I don't know who is following the benefit of the three-year mourning period now!"
The king offered five sacrifices to the deceased: the son, the grandson, the great-grandson, the great-great-grandson, and the great-great-grandson. The princes offered three sacrifices, the officials offered two sacrifices, and the suitable scholars and common people offered sacrifices to their sons.
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