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Zeng Zi asked: "What should be done if there is a funeral? What comes first and what comes later?" Confucius said: "In the funeral, the light is first and then the heavy; the offering is first and then the light; it is a ritual. From the beginning to the funeral, there is no offering, and there is no mourning during the funeral; after the funeral, there is an offering, and then say goodbye to the funeral, and then do the funeral. The funeral is first heavy and then light, which is a ritual." Confucius said: "Even if the son of the clan is seventy, there is no one without a mistress; if he is not a son of the clan, it is okay even if he has no mistress."
During the funeral of Confucius, Gong Xichi wrote a memorial: decorating the coffin and the wall, setting up the bamboo and the shawl, which was Zhou; setting up the Chong, which was Yin; setting up the silk and the flag, which was Xia.
Ziyun: "When a villain is poor, he is prudent; when rich, he is arrogant; when prudent, he steals; when arrogant, he is disorderly." Rites are rules and regulations based on human nature, which are used to censor the people. Therefore, the sages set rules for wealth and nobility so that the rich will not be arrogant, the poor will not be prudent, and the noble will not be dissatisfied with the superiors, so disorder will be eliminated. Ziyun: "If the poor love music, the rich love rites, and the people are peaceful, the world will be almost there. The Book of Songs says: 'People are greedy and disorderly, and would rather be poisoned. '" Therefore, it is stipulated that the country should not exceed a thousand chariots, the capital should not exceed a hundred chariots, and the family should not be rich. With this rule, the princes still rebel.
The Master said: "The people take the king as their heart, and the king takes the people as their body; the heart is solemn, the body is relaxed, and the heart is solemn, the appearance is respectful. If the heart is good, the body will be at ease; if the king is good, the people will want it. The heart is complete with the body, but it is also hurt by the body; the king survives with the people, but it also perishes with the people. "The Book of Songs" says: "In the past, I had an ancestor who was upright, his words were clear and clear, the country was peaceful, the capital was built, and the people lived; who can lead the country to success, not being upright himself, and finally tiring the people. "Jun Ya" says: "In summer, the hot rain, the common people only complain; in winter, the common people also complain. '"
The Master said: “A ruler of a country should make clear what is good and what is bad, so as to show the people kindness, and then the people will not be double-minded. The Book of Songs says: ‘Be calm and share your position, and be good at being upright. ’” The Master said: “If the superior is suspicious, the people will be confused; if the subordinate is difficult to know, the ruler will be overworked. Therefore, a ruler who governs the people should make clear what is good to show the people, be careful of what is bad to prevent the people from being licentious, and then the people will not be confused. The ministers should follow the manners, not be heavy-handed, not support what they cannot do, and not bother what they do not know, and then the ruler will not be overworked. The Book of Songs says: ‘The God is strict, and the people are at peace. ’ The Xiaoya says: ‘It is not that they only share, but that the king is in harmony. ’”
In this month, officials who are not doing anything can be dismissed and useless tools can be removed. The gates of the court can be painted, and prisons can be built. This is to help the heaven and earth to close and hide. In the middle of winter, if the summer order is carried out, the country will suffer from drought, fog and thunder will sound. If the autumn order is carried out, it will rain, melons and gourds will not grow, and the country will have a large army. If the spring order is carried out, locusts will be defeated, the springs will dry up, and the people will suffer from scabies.
After the grave is completed, they return home, and dare not enter the room. They live in a lean-to, mourning for their parents outside; they sleep on straw and pillows, mourning for their parents in the ground. Therefore, they cry without time, serve diligently for three years, and their longing for their parents is the will of filial sons and the reality of human nature.
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