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Ritual is to the right state: it is like a scale to weight, a ruler to straightness, and a compass to squareness. Therefore, if the scale is honestly hung, it cannot be deceived by the weight; if the ruler is honestly laid out, it cannot be deceived by the crookedness; if the rules are honestly set up, it cannot be deceived by the squareness and roundness; a gentleman examines the rites and cannot be accused of treachery. Therefore, those who respect the rites and follow the rites are called the gentlemen with the rules; those who do not respect the rites and do not follow the rites are called the people without the rules. It is the way of respect and yielding. Therefore, when serving the ancestral temple, one is respectful; when entering the court, the noble and the humble have their positions; when living at home, the father and son are close and the brothers are harmonious; when living in the village, the elders and the young are in order. Confucius said: "To settle the state and govern the people, nothing is better than rites." This is what he meant.
The one who presents the table and the staff should brush it. The one who imitates a horse or a sheep should lead it with his right hand; the one who imitates a dog should lead it with his left hand. The one who holds a bird should hold it with his left hand. The one who decorates lambs and geese should hold it with a silk cloth. The one who receives pearls and jade should hold it with his hands. The one who receives a bow and sword should hold it with his sleeves. The one who drinks from a jade cup should not wave it. Anyone who asks for a bow, sword, bag, or basket to ask for a favor should hold it as if he were receiving a favor, just like a messenger.
Therefore, in ancient times, the emperor had a system that the princes offered tribute to the emperor every year, and the emperor tested them in the archery palace. Their appearance was comparable to the ritual, and their etiquette was comparable to the music. If they hit the target more, they could participate in the sacrifice. If their appearance was not comparable to the ritual, and their etiquette was not comparable to the music, and they hit the target less, they could not participate in the sacrifice. If they participated in the sacrifice more, the king would celebrate; if they did not participate in the sacrifice, the king would give way. If there were celebrations, the land would be increased; if there were ways of giving way, the land would be reduced. Therefore, it is said: Archery is for the princes. Therefore, the princes, the rulers and the ministers devote their efforts to archery to learn rituals and music. There has never been a ruler and the ministers who practiced rituals and music and then went into exile.
Sun Zijing was talented and was admired by many people when he was young, and he only respected Wang Wuzi. When Wu Zi died, all the famous scholars came to visit him. Zi Jing came later and wept bitterly in front of the corpse, and all the guests shed tears. After crying, he said to the coffin: "You always like me to imitate the sound of a donkey. Now I will do it for you." His voice sounded like his real voice, and all the guests laughed. Sun raised his head and said, "Let your people live and let this man die!"
Zhang Xuanzhi and Gu Fu were the grandchildren of Gu Hezhong. Both of them were smart and intelligent since they were young. He knew it, and often said that Gu Sheng was too close to Zhang, which made Zhang quite unhappy. At that time, Zhang was nine years old and Gu was seven years old. They went to the temple together. When they saw the Buddha's Nirvana statue, some of the disciples cried, while some did not. They asked their two grandsons about it. Xuan said, "Weep when you are loved by others, and don't cry when you are not loved by others." Fu said: "No, it is because I forgot my feelings that I did not cry, and I could not forget my feelings that I cried."
In this month, he ordered the engineers to perform their work, display the sacrificial utensils, and follow the procedures. No one should do anything frivolous and ingenious to seduce the emperor. The most important thing is to achieve success. The names of craftsmen are engraved on objects to test their sincerity. If the work is not done properly, the crime must be punished to find out the truth. In this month, there are great feasts. The emperor prays to the ancestor of heaven for the coming year, and holds great sacrifices in the public community and the gates. The emperor worships the ancestors five times in the last year, and rests the hard-working farmers. The emperor orders the generals to give military lectures, practice archery, charioteering and wrestling.
When the emperor and the princes have nothing to do, they have three fields a year: one for dry beans, two for guests, and three for the king's kitchen. If you do not farm when you have nothing to do, it is disrespectful; if you farm without courtesy, it is a waste of nature. The emperor does not surround the country, and the princes do not hide their flocks. When the emperor is killed, the great chariots are sent down; when the princes are killed, the small chariots are sent down; when the officials are killed, the assistant chariots are stopped. When the assistant chariots are stopped, the people can go hunting. The otter sacrifices fish, and then the hunters go into the marshes. The jackal sacrifices animals, and then they go hunting. The doves transform into eagles, and then they set up nets. When the grass and trees fall, they go into the mountains and forests. When insects are not hibernating, do not burn the fields, do not kill deer, do not lay eggs, do not kill fetuses, do not kill young, and do not cover nests.
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