Sui Gaoge 313涓囧瓧 610815浜鸿杩 杩炶浇
銆娕访莱扇诵园悠得夥雁
The Duke said, 鈥淢ay I ask what is meant by respecting oneself?鈥 Confucius replied, 鈥淲hen a gentleman speaks too much, the people will make excuses; when he acts too much, the people will make examples. If a gentleman does not speak too much and does not act too much, the people will respect him without being ordered. In this way, he can respect himself; if he can respect himself, he can complete his parents. 鈥漈he Duke said, 鈥淢ay I ask what is meant by completing his parents?鈥 Confucius replied, 鈥淎 gentleman is a name for people. The people call him a son of a gentleman. This is to make their parents become gentlemen, and this is to complete their parents鈥 name!鈥 Confucius then said, 鈥淚n ancient times, the most important thing in governing was to love people. If you cannot love people, you cannot have your body; if you cannot have your body, you cannot be at peace with your land; if you cannot be at peace with your land, you cannot be happy with heaven; if you cannot be happy with heaven, you cannot complete your body.鈥
Zixia asked Confucius, "What should I do if I am the enemy of my parents?" Confucius said, "Sleep on straw and use dry wood as pillow, do not serve in the government, and do not share the world with them; if you meet them in the market, do not fight with them." He said, "What should I do if I am the enemy of my brothers?" Confucius said, "Serve in the government and do not share the country with them; if I am sent by the king, I will not fight with them even if I meet them." He said, "What should I do if I am the enemy of my uncle and brothers?" Confucius said, "If I am not the leader, if the host is capable, I will hold the weapon and accompany them behind."
The sage kings set up sacrifices: those who apply the law to the people are sacrificed; those who die in the service of the country are sacrificed; those who work hard to stabilize the country are sacrificed; those who can resist great disasters are sacrificed; those who can defend against great disasters are sacrificed. Therefore, when Lishan ruled the world, his son was called Nong, who was able to grow hundreds of grains; when Xia declined, Zhou Qi succeeded him, so he was sacrificed as Ji. When Gonggong ruled the nine states, his son was called Hou Tu, who was able to pacify the nine states, so he was sacrificed as She. Emperor Ku was able to arrange the stars to show the people; Yao was able to reward and equalize the law and end his life with justice; Shun worked hard at many things but died in the wild. Gun was killed by floods, and Yu was able to restore Gun's achievements. Huangdi rectified the names of all things to make it clear that the people share the wealth, and Zhuanxu was able to restore it. Qi was the Minister of Education and the people were prosperous; Ming worked hard in his office and died in a flood. Tang ruled the people with leniency and eliminated their cruelty; King Wen ruled with civility, and King Wu ruled with military merits to eliminate the people's disasters. These are all those who have made great contributions to the people. The sun, moon, and stars are what the people look up to; the mountains, forests, rivers, valleys, and hills are what the people use as materials. They are not of this clan and are not included in the sacrificial rites.
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