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When the emperor died, the first mourning ceremony was held for three days, the officials mourned for five days, the men and women in the country mourned for seven days, and the whole country mourned for three months. The people of Yu brought a hundred woods for sacrifices, and those who could make coffins were cut down; those who did not bring them were abolished and killed.
The solemn and condensed air of heaven and earth begins in the southwest and flourishes in the northwest. This is the dignified air of heaven and earth, and the righteous air of heaven and earth. The warm and gentle air of heaven and earth begins in the northeast and flourishes in the southeast. This is the great virtue of heaven and earth, and the benevolent air of heaven and earth. The host respects the guest, so he sits the guest in the northwest, and sits in the southwest to assist the guest. The guest is a person who treats people with righteousness, so he sits in the northwest. The host is a person who treats people with great virtue, so he sits in the southeast. The host sits in the northeast to assist the host. When benevolence and righteousness meet, the host and the guest have affairs, and the number of sacrificial vessels is called sanctity. The sanctity is established and treated with respect, which is called courtesy. The courtesy of respecting the elders and the young is called virtue. Virtue is obtained from the body. Therefore, it is said that those who studied the Dao in ancient times would gain a body. Therefore, the sages are concerned with this.
In this month, the emperor teaches hunting, practices the five military arts, and distributes the horse policy. He orders the servants and seven grooms to drive the carriage, carry the flags and pennants, and give the carriage steps, and set it up outside the screen. The minister of education holds the paddle and faces north to swear. The emperor dresses up, holds the bow and arrows to hunt, and orders the master to offer sacrifices to birds in all directions.
The Master said: "Ritual is reason; music is moderation. A gentleman does not move without reason, and does not act without moderation. If he cannot read poetry, he is wrong in etiquette; if he cannot play music, he is simple in etiquette; if he is weak in virtue, he is empty in etiquette. "The Master said, "The system is in the rites, the culture is in the rites, and the practice is up to the people!" Zigong crossed the table and replied, "May I ask: Is Kui poor?" The Master said, "Ancient people? Ancient people. Those who are good at rites but not music are called simple; those who are good at music but not rites are called partial. Kui was good at music but not rites, so he passed down this name. He was an ancient person."
The Master said: “In the past, the wise kings of the Three Dynasties all worshipped the gods of heaven and earth, and used divination. They did not dare to use their private interests to disrespect the gods. Therefore, they did not violate the sun and the moon, and did not violate divination. Divination does not follow each other. Big events have their dates; small events have no dates, but divination. External events use hard days, internal events use soft days. They do not violate the tortoise shells. ”The Master said: “Sacrifices, rituals and music are all prosperous, so there is no harm to the gods and ghosts, and no resentment from the people.”The Master said: “The sacrifices of Hou Ji are easy to be rich; his words are respectful, his desires are frugal, and his salary is passed on to his descendants. The Book of Songs says: ‘Hou Ji’s omen sacrifices, and the people have no guilt and regret, and this has continued to this day. ’”The Master said: “The great man’s instrument is awe-inspiring. The Son of Heaven does not use divination; the princes have divination. The Son of Heaven uses divination for the way; the princes do not use divination for countries other than their own. Divination for the house and bedroom. The Son of Heaven does not use divination for the great temple. ” Confucius said: “A gentleman is respectful and uses sacrificial vessels. Therefore, he does not abandon the sun and the moon, does not violate the tortoise shells and divination, and respectfully serves his ruler. In this way, the superiors do not disrespect the people, and the inferiors do not disrespect the superiors.”
Zengzi said: "When mourning, there is illness, eating meat and drinking wine, there must be the nourishment of plants and trees. It is called ginger and cinnamon."
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