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Ruan Xuanzi was cutting down trees on the community site, and someone tried to stop him. Xuan Zi said: "If a community is built on a tree, and the tree is cut down, the community will perish; if a tree is built on a community, and the tree is cut down, the community will move."
Great is the way of the sage! It is magnificent, and it develops all things, and reaches the highest point in the sky. Great is it! There are three hundred rites and three thousand awe-inspiring manners. Only when the right person is there can they act. Therefore, it is said: If one does not reach the highest virtue, the highest way will not be condensed there. Therefore, a gentleman respects virtue and morality and seeks knowledge. He strives for the great and the subtle. He is extremely wise and follows the doctrine of the mean. He reviews the old and learns the new, and is honest and respects the rites. Therefore, when in a high position, do not be arrogant, and when serving an inferior, do not be disloyal. If a country is ruled by the right way, his words will be enough to inspire it; if a country is ruled by the wrong way, his silence will be enough to tolerate it.
During the time of Duke Ding of Zhulou, someone killed his father. When the officials reported this, the Duke suddenly dropped his seat and said, "This is my fault." He said, "I have learned how to judge this case: if a minister kills the king, all officials will be killed without mercy; if a son kills his father, all palace officials will be killed without mercy. Kill the person, destroy his house, flood his palace and make pigs. It will take more than a month for the king to be promoted."
The sage kings set up sacrifices: those who apply the law to the people are sacrificed; those who die in the service of the country are sacrificed; those who work hard to stabilize the country are sacrificed; those who can resist great disasters are sacrificed; those who can defend against great disasters are sacrificed. Therefore, when Lishan ruled the world, his son was called Nong, who was able to grow hundreds of grains; when Xia declined, Zhou Qi succeeded him, so he was sacrificed as Ji. When Gonggong ruled the nine states, his son was called Hou Tu, who was able to pacify the nine states, so he was sacrificed as She. Emperor Ku was able to arrange the stars to show the people; Yao was able to reward and equalize the law and end his life with justice; Shun worked hard at many things but died in the wild. Gun was killed by floods, and Yu was able to restore Gun's achievements. Huangdi rectified the names of all things to make it clear that the people share the wealth, and Zhuanxu was able to restore it. Qi was the Minister of Education and the people were prosperous; Ming worked hard in his office and died in a flood. Tang ruled the people with leniency and eliminated their cruelty; King Wen ruled with civility, and King Wu ruled with military merits to eliminate the people's disasters. These are all those who have made great contributions to the people. The sun, moon, and stars are what the people look up to; the mountains, forests, rivers, valleys, and hills are what the people use as materials. They are not of this clan and are not included in the sacrificial rites.
The Duke of Zhou said to the father of Wang Changshi: He has a majestic appearance, elegant mind and great ambition. If we protect and use him, he can be used to make many things.
If the autumn order is carried out in the first month of summer, bitter rains will come frequently, the five grains will not grow, and the four borders will go into hiding. If the winter order is carried out, the grass and trees will wither early, and then there will be a flood that will destroy the city walls. If the spring order is carried out, locusts will cause disasters, and violent winds will come, and the beautiful grass will not bear fruit.
The Duke said, “Why don’t gentlemen today practice this?” Confucius said, “Gentlemen today are insatiable in their love of goods, untiring in their indulgence of virtue, idle and arrogant, and are sure to destroy the people. They use the people at noon to attack those who have the Way; they seek what they want, not what they should. In the past, people were used from the front, but now people are used from the back. Gentlemen today do not practice etiquette.”
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