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Jiang Shanlian

Confucius stood with his disciples, bowed and tilted his head to the right, and the two disciples also tilted their heads to the right. Confucius said, "You two are fond of learning, but I am sad because my sister is dead." The two disciples all tilted their heads to the left.

Born to be a master

Sacrifices should not be frequent, as frequent sacrifices will lead to trouble, and trouble will lead to disrespect. Sacrifices should not be frequent, as frequent sacrifices will lead to laziness, and laziness will lead to forgetfulness. Therefore, a gentleman should follow the way of heaven: Spring sacrifices and autumn tastings. When frost and dew have fallen, a gentleman will feel sad when walking on them, not because of the cold. In spring, when rain and dew have wetted, a gentleman will feel terrified when walking on them, as if he is about to see it. Music is used to welcome, and sorrow is used to send off. Therefore, there is music in the sacrifices but no music in the tastings. Bring harmony inside and disperse harmony outside. On the day of the sacrifices: think about where he lives, think about his laughter, think about his aspirations, think about what he enjoys, and think about what he likes. After three days of sacrifices, you can see what he has done for harmony. On the day of sacrifice: when entering the room, one must see the position; when going out of the door, one must hear the voice; when going out of the door, one must hear the sigh. Therefore, the filial piety of the ancient kings is that the color does not forget the eyes, the sound does not stop in the ears, and the desires of the heart do not forget the heart. If you love, it will be preserved; if you are sincere, it will be remembered. If it is preserved and not forgotten in the heart, how can you not be respectful? A gentleman respectfully supports when he is alive and respectfully offers sacrifices to his dead, thinking that he will not be humiliated throughout his life. A gentleman has a lifelong mourning, which is the meaning of the anniversary of the death. Not using the anniversary of the death is not a bad omen. On the day of the death, one's mind is to reach a certain point, but he dare not use his private interests to the fullest. Only the sage can offer sacrifices to the emperor, and the filial son can offer sacrifices to his parents. Offering sacrifices means to pay respect. After paying respect, one can offer sacrifices. Therefore, the filial son does not feel ashamed when he is in front of the corpse. The king leads the sacrifice, and the lady offers the bowl. The king offers the corpse, and the lady offers the rice. The ministers assist the king, and the women assist the lady. Be respectful, be loyal, and be happy. Don't be too eager to entertain. King Wen's sacrifice: treat the dead as if they were alive, think of the dead as if they didn't want to live, mourn on the anniversary of the death, and mention the taboo as if you saw your parents. The loyalty of the sacrifice is like seeing the loved ones of the parents, and like the desire to express it; is it King Wen? The Book of Songs says: "I wake up in the morning and can't sleep, I have two people in my mind." This is King Wen's poem. The day after the sacrifice, I wake up in the morning and can't sleep, and I offer it to the deceased, and then I think about it. On the day of the sacrifice, there is half joy and half sorrow; the feast must be joyful, and the arrival must be sorrowful.

Hibernation

Wang Rong said: "I lived with Ji Kang for twenty years, and I never saw him happy or angry."

She is the school grass's palm

Soft Jade Fragrance

Sacrifice is a great thing, and it is a preparation for everything. Is it the root of education to follow the preparation? Therefore, the teaching of a gentleman is to teach people to respect their rulers and elders externally and to be filial to their parents internally. Therefore, when a wise ruler is above, all ministers obey; when the ancestral temples and the altar of the country are respected, the descendants are obedient and filial. Do your best and be upright in your righteousness, and the teaching will come into being. Therefore, when a gentleman serves his ruler, he must practice it himself. What he does not like in his superiors, he will not use his subordinates; what he hates in his subordinates, he will not serve his superiors; if he does not do it to others, he will do it to himself, which is not the way of teaching. Therefore, the teaching of a gentleman must start from its root and follow the ultimate, and sacrifice is it? Therefore, it is said: sacrifice is the root of education. There are ten relationships in sacrifice: the way to serve ghosts and gods, the righteousness between the ruler and the minister, the relationship between father and son, the distinction between the noble and the humble, the killing of relatives and strangers, the bestowal of titles and rewards, the difference between husband and wife, the balance of political affairs, the order of the old and the young, and the relationship between superiors and subordinates. These are the ten relationships.

God of Food

The Master said: "How difficult it is for a gentleman to be benevolent! The Book of Songs says: "A gentleman who is kind and respectful is the parents of the people. 'Teach him with kindness and strength; comfort him with kindness. Be happy but not wild, be kind and respectful with courtesy, be respectful with dignity, be filial and kind and respectful. Make the people respect their fathers and be close to their mothers. Only in this way can one be a parent to the people. Who else but the most virtuous can do this? Now, the father loves his son, but loves the virtuous and the incompetent; the mother loves her son, but loves the virtuous and pities the incompetent. The mother is loved but not respected; the father is respected but not loved. Water is loved but not respected; fire is respected but not loved. Earth is loved but not respected; Heaven is respected but not loved. Fate is loved but not respected; Ghosts are respected but not loved. "The Master said: "The Xia way respected fate, served ghosts, revered gods but kept them at a distance, approached people but were loyal to them, first paid salaries and then authorized power, first rewarded and then punished, loved but not respected; the people were stupid and foolish, arrogant and unsophisticated, simple and uncultured. The Yin people respected the gods and led the people to serve the gods, first ghosts and then rituals, first punished and then rewarded, respected but not loved; the people were unruly but not calm, victorious but shameless. The Zhou people respected etiquette and valued charity. They worshipped ghosts and gods but kept them at a distance, and were close to people but loyal to them. Their rewards and punishments were based on rank, and they were close but not respectful. The people were corrupt: they were greedy and cunning, cultured but not ashamed, and treacherous but blind. "The Master said: "The Xia way did not violate words, did not seek preparation, did not expect much from the people, and the people did not get tired of their relatives; the Yin people did not violate etiquette, but sought preparation from the people; the Zhou people strengthened the people, did not violate gods, but used rewards, ranks and punishments." The Master said: "The way of Yu and Xia had few complaints from the people; the way of Yin and Zhou was not as bad as it was." The Master said: "The quality of Yu and Xia, and the culture of Yin and Zhou, are the best. The culture of Yu and Xia was not as good as its quality; the quality of Yin and Zhou was not as good as its culture." The Master said: "Although there are authors in later generations, they cannot reach the level of Emperor Yu. The ruler of the world is selfless in life and does not treat his children with kindness in death. The people are like parents, with a love of fear and sorrow, and a teaching of loyalty and benefit. He is close to them and respects them, and is safe and respectful. He is powerful and loves them. He is rich and polite, and is kind and generous. His gentleman respects benevolence and fears righteousness, is ashamed to waste and neglect reality, is loyal but not offending, is righteous and obedient, is cultured and calm, and is lenient and discerning. "Fu Xing" says: "Virtue and power are powerful, and virtue and brightness are bright. "Who else but Emperor Yu can do this?" Confucius said: "Serving the ruler first supports his words, bows and offers himself, so as to make him trustworthy. Therefore, the ruler has responsibilities for his ministers, and the ministers have the responsibility to die for their words. Therefore, he does not falsely accept rewards, and he receives fewer punishments." Confucius said: "Serving the ruler, if big words come in, he hopes for big benefits, and if small words come in, he hopes for small benefits. Therefore, a gentleman does not accept big rewards for small words, nor does he accept small rewards for big words. "Yi" says: "Not eating at home is auspicious. " Confucius said: "Serving the ruler does not make it clear, does not value words, and does not do it if it is not the right person. Xiaoya said: "Be calm and upright in your position; the gods will listen to you, and you will be ashamed of yourself." Confucius said: "If you advise your lord from a distance, you are a flatterer; if you do not advise your lord from a close distance, you are a sycophant." Confucius said: "The ministers near you should guard the harmony, the ministers should rectify the hundreds of officials, and the ministers should consider the four directions." Confucius said: "When you serve your lord, you should want to advise him but not to express your opinions. The Book of Songs says: "If the heart loves, it will not mention its flaws; if the heart hides it, how can it be forgotten?" Confucius said: "If it is difficult to advance in your lord and easy to retreat, your position will be in order; if it is easy to advance in your lord and difficult to retreat, then there will be chaos. Therefore, a gentleman bows three times before advancing and says goodbye once before retreating, so as to avoid chaos." Confucius said: "If you refuse to serve your lord three times and do not leave, then you will seek profit and fame; even if people say they don't want it, I will not believe them." Confucius said: "When you serve your lord, you should be cautious at the beginning and respectful at the end." Confucius said: "You can be noble or humble, rich or poor, alive or dead, but you must not make it cause chaos. "The Master said, "In serving the sovereign, one should not avoid difficulties in the army or refuse humble positions in the court. If one is in a position but does not perform his duties, chaos will occur. Therefore, if the sovereign enables his ministers to achieve their goals, then he should carefully consider and follow them; if not, then he should consider carefully and follow them. To retire after the end of a task is a sign of the minister's loyalty. The Book of Changes says, 'Not serving the king or the nobles is to be noble in one's work.'" The Master said, "Only the emperor receives his mandate from heaven, and the scholars receive their mandate from the sovereign. Therefore, if the sovereign's orders are in compliance with the sovereign's orders, the ministers will obey the orders; if the sovereign's orders are in opposition to the sovereign's orders, the ministers will disobey the orders. The Book of Songs says, 'The magpie is ginger and the quail is bell-bellied; I regard people who are unscrupulous as my sovereign.'"