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Ziyou asked, “Is it a courtesy to mourn a loving mother as if she were your own mother?” Confucius said, “It is not a courtesy. In ancient times, men had tutors outside and loving mothers inside, and they were appointed by the king to teach their children. Why should they wear mourning clothes? In the past, Duke Zhao of Lu lost his mother when he was young. He had a loving mother who was good. When her mother died, the duke could not bear to mourn her. He wanted to mourn her. The officials reported it to the king, who said, “According to the ancient etiquette, loving mothers should not be mourned. Now you are mourning for her. This is against the ancient etiquette and disrupts the laws of the country. If you carry it out, the officials will write it down and leave it to future generations. Isn’t it wrong!” The duke said, “In ancient times, the emperor wore a silk hat when he was at home. 'The Duke could not bear it, so he wore a white hat to mourn his beloved mother. The practice of mourning a beloved mother began with Duke Zhao of Lu. Zengzi asked, "When the princes meet the emperor, they cannot complete the ceremony when entering the door. How many of them are abolished?" Confucius said, "Four." Please ask. He said, "The great temple is on fire, the sun is eclipsed, the queen's funeral, and the rain soaks the clothes and makes them lose their appearance, then it is abolished. If all the princes are present and the sun is eclipsed, they will follow the emperor to put out the sun, and each will give his own weapons in his own color. If the great temple is on fire, they will follow the emperor to put out the fire, and will not give his own weapons in his own color." Zengzi asked, "When the princes meet, they bow and yield to each other when entering the door, and cannot complete the ceremony. How many of them are abolished?" Confucius said, "Six." Please ask. He said, "When the emperor dies, the great temple is on fire, the sun is eclipsed, the queen's funeral, and the rain soaks the clothes and makes them lose their appearance, then it is abolished." Zengzi asked, "When the emperor has offered sacrifices to the five sacrifices in the suburbs and the altars, the food and utensils have been laid out, and when the emperor dies, what should be done with the queen's funeral?" Confucius said, "Abolished. Zengzi asked, "When the sacrifice is to be made and the sun is eclipsed, and the Taimiao is on fire, what should be done with the sacrifice?" Confucius said, "Just follow the sacrifice. If the animal arrives but has not been killed, it is cancelled. When the emperor dies but has not been buried, the five sacrifices cannot be performed; after the funeral, the sacrifice is performed, the corpse is brought in, the three meals are not served, and the wine is not vinegared. From the opening to the return of the mourning, the five sacrifices cannot be performed; after the burial, the sacrifice is performed, the prayers are finished and the offerings are made." Zengzi asked, "When the princes offer sacrifices to the gods and grain, the sacrificial vessels and dishes are already laid out. What should they do when they hear of the death of the emperor, the mourning of the queen, the death of the king, or the mourning of the lady?" Confucius said, "Abolish it. From the death to the funeral, from the opening to the return of the mourning, they serve the emperor." Zengzi asked, "When the ministers offer sacrifices, the tripods and sacrificial vessels are laid out, and the dishes are set out, but the rituals cannot be completed. How many of them are cancelled?" Confucius said, "Nine. "Please ask. He said: "The death of the emperor, the mourning of the queen, the death of the monarch, the mourning of the lady, the fire of the monarch's grand temple, the solar eclipse, the three-year mourning, the mourning of Qisui and the great merit are all abolished. The mourning of the outside world from Qisui onwards is carried out. The sacrifice of Qisui is that the corpse is brought in, three meals are not served, and the wine is not made with vinegar. The great merit is just a vinegar. The small merit and mourning are just things in the room. The reason why scholars are different is that they do not offer sacrifices in mourning, and they offer sacrifices to the dead without wearing mourning clothes. "

All food should be eaten in spring, soup in summer, sauce in autumn, drink in winter. In general, spring is more sour, summer is more bitter, autumn is more spicy, winter is more salty, and it should be smooth and sweet. Cattle are suitable for rice, sheep are suitable for millet, pigs are suitable for millet, dogs are suitable for sorghum, geese are suitable for wheat, and fish are suitable for foxtail millet. In spring, lamb and pig food is suitable for fat and fragrant, in summer, roe and roe food is suitable for fat and fragrant, in autumn, calf and deer food is suitable for fat and fragrant, and in winter, fresh feather food is suitable for fat and fragrant. Beef jerky, deer jerky, pig jerky, millet jerky, deer jerky, elk, deer, pig jerky, all have a xuan, pheasant and rabbit all have a li. Jue, sparrow, cicada, fan, sesame, water chestnut, durian, jujube, chestnut, hazel, persimmon, melon, peach, plum, plum, apricot, hawthorn, pear, ginger, cinnamon. The banquet of the senior officials has sashimi but no jerky, or jerky but no sashimi. The scholars do not have two kinds of soup and meat, and the common people and the elderly do not eat alone. Sashimi: in spring, use onions, in autumn, use mustard and pork; in spring, use leeks, in autumn, use polygonum. Use onions for fat, scallions for paste, three kinds of animals use fennel, and vinegar for mixing, and plum for beasts. Quail soup, chicken soup, quail, use polygonum. Stewed bream and bream, roasted young, pheasant, fennel, but no polygonum. Do not eat young turtles. Remove the intestines of wolves, remove the kidneys of dogs, remove the spine of raccoons, remove the buttocks of rabbits, remove the heads of foxes, remove the brains of pigs, remove the tails of fish, and remove the ugly parts of turtles. Meat is called "tuozhi", fish is called "zuozhi", dates are called "xinzhi", chestnuts are called "zhuanzhi", peaches are called "danzhi", and jujubes are called "zanzhi". When cows moo at night, they are dung, sheep have cold hair and are velvety and smelly, dogs have red thighs and are restless and smelly, birds have the color of deer and make sandy calls and are depressed, pigs look and cross their eyelashes and smell fishy, ​​horses have black backs and arms and leak, and young turtles are not eaten if their tails are not full enough to hold. Relax the green goose, the fat owl, relax the green duck, chicken liver, goose kidney, bustard's belly, deer stomach. Meat that is fishy and fine is called "sui", and the large one is called "xuan". Some people say that elk, deer and fish are "zu", deer are "piji", wild boars are "xuan", and rabbits are "wanpi". Cut onions like scallions and fill them with various acids to soften them. For soup, from the princes down to the common people, there is no order. The officials have no regular meals. When they are seventy, they have a pavilion, the pavilion of the emperor. Five on the left, five on the right, five in the room for dukes, marquises and earls, three in the pavilion, and one on the altar.

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