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The gentleman said: Great virtue is not an official, the great way is not an instrument, the great trust is not an agreement, and the great time is not uniform. Observing these four things, you can be determined to study the root.
This month, the emperor drives away the beasts and does not harm the crops, and does not engage in large-scale hunting. When the farmers harvest the wheat, the emperor tastes the wheat with pigs and first offers it to the temple. This month, he gathers and raises hundreds of medicinal herbs. No grass dies, and the wheat harvest arrives. He makes light punishments, decides minor crimes, and releases people from light prisons. When the silkworm work is finished, the empress and concubines offer cocoons. He collects the cocoon tax, and makes it equal for the rich and the poor, the old and the young, to provide clothing for the suburbs and temples. This month, the emperor drinks zhu and uses rituals and music.
Even if there are delicious dishes, if you don't eat them, you don't know their taste; even if there are the ultimate truth, if you don't learn it, you don't know its goodness. Therefore, only after learning can you know your shortcomings, and only after teaching can you know your difficulties. Knowing your shortcomings, you can reflect on yourself; knowing your difficulties, you can strengthen yourself. Therefore, it is said that teaching and learning complement each other. "The Book of Changes" says: "Learning is half done." Is this what it means!
Confucius said: "The Way is not far from people. If people practice the Way and distance themselves from others, they cannot be considered the Way. The Book of Songs says: 'Cut the wood, chop the wood, its principle is not far away.' Holding a stick to chop wood, looking at it from a distance, it still seems far away. Therefore, a gentleman governs people by their own way, and stops when he changes. Loyalty and forgiveness are not far from the Way. If you do not want to do it yourself, do not do it to others. There are four ways of a gentleman, and I have not been able to do any of them. What I ask of my son is to serve my father, but I have not been able to do it; what I ask of my minister is to serve my king, but I have not been able to do it; what I ask of my younger brother is to serve my elder brother, but I have not been able to do it; what I ask of my friends is to give them first, but I have not been able to do it. The actions of a mediocre person are cautious; if there is something that is lacking, he dare not not try hard, and if there is something that is more than enough, he dare not use it all; if he speaks, he will act accordingly, and if he acts, he will act accordingly. Why does a gentleman not have to be frank!"
Wang Dongting and Xie Gong were at odds with each other. When the king heard about the funeral in the east, he went out of the capital to find Zi Jing and said, "I want to mourn for Gong." Zi Jing had just gone to bed, and when he heard his words, he got up in surprise and said, "I hope for Fa Hu." So the king went to mourn. The commander-in-chief Diao Yue refused to listen and said, "I have never seen such a guest in my life." Wang also did not speak to him, but went straight forward, crying bitterly, and left without holding the hand of the last maid.
When Duke Mu's mother died, he sent someone to ask Zengzi, "What should I do?" Zengzi replied, "Shen heard from Shen's father that the sorrow of weeping, the feeling of beheading in Qi, and the food of porridge all reached the emperor. The cloth curtain is Wei; the gauze curtain is Lu." Duke Xian of Jin was about to kill his crown prince Shensheng. Prince Chong'er said to him, "Did you tell the duke about your intention?" The crown prince said, "No, you are saying that I want to kill you, is there a country without a father in the world? How can I do that?" He sent someone to say goodbye to Hu Tu, saying, "Shensheng is guilty of not thinking about Bo's words, and he is going to die. Shensheng dare not love his death. However, my king is old, his son is young, and the country is in trouble. Bo's family does not come out and plot against my king. If Bo's family comes out and plots against my king, Shensheng will accept the gift and die." He bowed twice and died. He was called "Gong Crown Prince".
What makes a person a person is courtesy and righteousness. The beginning of courtesy and righteousness lies in straightening the body, harmonizing the color, and smoothing the words. When the body is straight, the color is straight, and the words are smooth, then courtesy and righteousness are complete. So the relationship between the monarch and the minister is straight, the father and son are close, and the elders and the younger are harmonious. When the monarch and the minister are straight, the father and son are close, and the elders and the younger are harmonious, then courtesy and righteousness are established. Therefore, after the crown is worn, the clothes are ready. After the clothes are ready, the body is straight, the color is uniform, and the words are smooth. Therefore, it is said that the crown is the beginning of etiquette. Therefore, the ancient sage kings attached great importance to the crown.
Wang Changshi said: "Liu Yin knows me better than I know myself."
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