Zi Ji 31涓囧瓧 751800浜鸿杩 杩炶浇
銆娕访廊蘸谙呔芬磺で樽酆香
What is the three-year mourning period? It is said that it is to be established according to the feelings, so as to decorate the group, distinguish the relatives and the relatives, and practice the rules, but it cannot be increased or decreased. Therefore, it is said that there is no way to change. The wound is big and the time is long, and the pain is severe and the recovery is slow. The three-year mourning period is established according to the feelings, so as to be the most painful. Cutting the mourning clothes and wearing a stick, living in a lean-to, eating porridge, sleeping on straw and pillows, is to decorate the most painful. The three-year mourning period ends in twenty-five months; the grief is not over, the longing is not forgotten, but the mourning is ended in this way. Isn鈥檛 it that there is a limit to sending off the dead and a limit to reviving the living? All living creatures between heaven and earth, with blood and breath, must have knowledge, and all sentient creatures know how to love their own kind. Now, if a large bird or beast loses its flock, after a month or more, it will return to its hometown, fly back and forth, cry, hesitate, and then leave. Even small birds, such as sparrows, still chirp for a while before leaving. Therefore, no one with blood and breath knows better than humans, so humans love their relatives until death. If you are with a person who is obsessed with adultery, he will forget about his death in the morning and follow him in the evening, which is no better than birds and beasts. How can they live together without chaos? If you are with a gentleman who is well-mannered, the three-year mourning period will be completed in twenty-five months, like a team of horses passing through a gap, but it will continue, which is endless. Therefore, the ancient kings set up the middle and set rules for them, so that they can form a culture and reason, and then they will let it go.
When Gongshu Wenzi died, his son Shu asked the king for a posthumous title, saying: "The sun and the moon have their time, and I will be buried. Please change his name." The king said: "In the past, Wei was in a disaster and famine, and the Master made porridge for the hungry people in the country. Wasn't it a kindness? In the past, Wei was in trouble, and the Master used his death to protect me. Wasn't it a loyalty? The Master listened to the government of Wei, improved its system, and made friends with the neighbors. The state of Wei was not humiliated. Wasn't it a culture? Therefore, the Master is called "Zhenhui Wenzi."
The Master said, 鈥淲hen the lower orders the higher, they do not follow what the higher orders, but what the higher does. If the higher likes something, the lower will certainly be more aggressive. Therefore, one must be careful about what the higher likes and dislikes, because it is the model of the people. 鈥漈he Master said, 鈥淵u was in office for three years, and the people followed him with benevolence. Does that mean he must be completely benevolent? The Book of Songs says, 鈥楾he great Master Yin, the people all look up to you.鈥 The Book of Fu Xing says, 鈥極ne man has a blessing, and millions of people rely on him.鈥 The Daya says, 鈥楾he king鈥檚 trust is the model of the lower land.鈥欌漈he Master said, 鈥淲hen the higher likes benevolence, the lower will compete to be the first to be benevolent. Therefore, the ruler of the people should show his will, teach the truth, and respect benevolence, so that he can love the people; the people will act in accordance with their own behavior to please his superior. The Book of Songs says, 鈥楾here are shackles and virtues, and the four countries will obey him.鈥欌
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