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A gentleman knows the reasons why teaching is flourishing and the reasons why teaching is abolished, and then he can be a teacher. Therefore, the gentleman's teaching is to guide but not to force, to force but not to suppress, and to open but not to reach. If you follow the way but don't force it, you will be harmonious; if you are strong but don't suppress it, you will be easy; if you open but don't reach it, you will think; harmony and ease with thinking can be called good metaphor.
Le Ling was good at speaking clearly but not good at writing. He was about to resign the post of Governor of Henan and asked Pan Yue to be his deputy. Pan Yun said, "You can do it. But it must satisfy your Majesty." Le Wei described why he was humble, with about 200 words to indicate his position. Pan Zhi became a famous writer because of his intricate and complex writing. People at that time all said: "If the music had not borrowed Pan's writing, and Pan had not taken the purpose of the music, it would not have been possible to achieve this."
Zeng Zi asked: "Can the funeral of a major merit be included in the offering of sacrifices?" Confucius said: "It is not a major merit! "Zengzi asked, "Is it not possible to make sacrifices with light clothes?" Confucius said, "That is not what I mean. In the funerals of the Son of Heaven and the dukes, those who are in mourning clothes offer sacrifices; the high officials, those who are in mourning clothes offer sacrifices; the scholars, their friends offer sacrifices; if it is not enough, they take from those who are of great merit or less; if it is not enough, they take from those who are of great merit or less." Zengzi asked, "Can small merits be included in the sacrifices?" Confucius said, "Why must it be small merits? Those who are in mourning clothes and below offer sacrifices; that is etiquette." Zengzi asked, "Is it not possible to make sacrifices with light clothes?" Confucius said, "In the funerals of the Son of Heaven and the dukes, those who are not in mourning clothes do not offer sacrifices; the high officials, those who are in mourning clothes offer sacrifices; the scholars, if the sacrifice is not enough, they take from those who are of great merit or less." Zengzi asked, "Can acquaintances, if they are in mourning clothes, participate in the sacrifices?" Confucius said, "If you don't offer sacrifices, how can you help others?" Zengzi asked, "Can you take away your mourning clothes and participate in the sacrifices?" ”Confucius said: "Saying mourning and offering sacrifices are not rites; it is OK to reject each other."
In the teaching of the university, there must be regular work during the teaching, and there must be study after resting. If you don't learn to play the string, you can't play the string properly; if you don't learn to read the Book of Songs, you can't play the Book of Songs properly; if you don't learn to wear various clothes, you can't play the rites properly; if you don't learn to play the art, you can't enjoy learning. Therefore, the gentleman hides, cultivates, rests, and wanders in learning. Therefore, he is at ease with his learning and loves his teacher, enjoys his friends and believes in his way. Therefore, even if he leaves his teacher, he will not turn back. The Book of Changes says: "Respect your grandchildren and be diligent in time, and then your cultivation will come." Is this what it means!
Great is the way of the sage! It is magnificent, and it develops all things, and reaches the highest point in the sky. Great is it! There are three hundred rites and three thousand awe-inspiring manners. Only when the right person is there can they act. Therefore, it is said: If one does not reach the highest virtue, the highest way will not be condensed there. Therefore, a gentleman respects virtue and morality and seeks knowledge. He strives for the great and the subtle. He is extremely wise and follows the doctrine of the mean. He reviews the old and learns the new, and is honest and respects the rites. Therefore, when in a high position, do not be arrogant, and when serving an inferior, do not be disloyal. If a country is ruled by the right way, his words will be enough to inspire it; if a country is ruled by the wrong way, his silence will be enough to tolerate it.
Liu Yin said: "When the wind is clear and the moon is bright, I always think of the mysterious way."
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