He Yiyan 521涓囧瓧 29974浜鸿杩 杩炶浇
銆娖ǖ缬霸何缫孤譇片銆
Confucius was sitting with Duke Ai, who said, 鈥淢ay I ask who is the most important in human nature?鈥 Confucius looked sad and replied, 鈥淵our Majesty, when you said this, it is the virtue of the people! How dare I answer without words? In human nature, politics is the most important.鈥 The Duke said, 鈥淢ay I ask what is politics?鈥 Confucius replied, 鈥淧olitics is justice. If the monarch is just, the people will follow politics. What the monarch does, the people will follow. What the monarch does not do, how can the people follow?鈥 The Duke said, 鈥淢ay I ask how to govern?鈥 Confucius replied, 鈥淗usband and wife are different, father and son are close, and monarch and minister are strict. Three If the ruler is upright, all things will follow him. "The Duke said, "Although I am not like you, I would like to hear the reason why I practice the Three Words. Can I hear it?" Confucius replied, "In ancient times, loving people was the most important thing in governing; the most important thing in governing people was courtesy; the most important thing in governing courtesy was respect; when respect is the highest, the great wedding is the greatest. The great wedding is here! When the great wedding is here, wearing a crown and welcoming the emperor in person is to be close to him. To be close to the emperor is to be close to the emperor. Therefore, a gentleman should promote respect as a way to be close to the emperor; abandoning respect is to abandon one's relatives. Without love, there is no closeness; without respect, there is no justice. Love and respect are the foundation of politics!" The Duke said, "I would like to have something to say. But wearing a crown and welcoming the emperor in person, isn't that too important?" Confucius looked sad and replied, "To unite the two families, to succeed the ancestors, to be the masters of the heaven, earth, ancestral temples, and the land, why do you say that it is too important?" The Duke said, "I am stubborn! If I am not stubborn, how can I hear such words? I want to ask, but I can't say it. Please come in a little bit!" Confucius said: "If heaven and earth are not united, all things cannot grow. The great marriage is the heir of ten thousand generations. Why do you think you are already so important?" Confucius then said: "If you govern the ancestral temple at home, you will be able to match the gods of heaven and earth; if you govern the country with the etiquette of speaking frankly, you will be able to establish respect between superiors and subordinates. Shame for things will be able to revive it, and shame for the country will be able to revive it. Governing starts with etiquette. Etiquette is the root of governance!" Confucius then said: "The governance of the wise kings of the Three Dynasties must respect their wives and children. There is a way. The wife is the master of the parents. How dare you not respect her? The son is the successor of the parents. How dare you not respect her? A gentleman respects everything, and respecting oneself is the most important. The body is the branch of the parents. How dare you not respect it? Failure to respect oneself hurts one's parents; hurting one's parents hurts the root; hurting the root, the branches will die. These three are the images of the people. One's body is as good as one's body, one's son is as good as one's son, and one's concubine is as good as one's concubine. If a king practices these three, then the world will be united. This is the way of the great king. In this way, the country will be in harmony. 鈥
When a king enters the door, he should brush the doorway, and a senior official should stand between the middle and the middle of the doorway, and a scholar should brush the doorway. Guests should not enter the middle of the door or step on the threshold. Public affairs should be conducted from the west of the doorway, and private affairs should be conducted from the east of the doorway. When a king and a corpse walk together, a senior official should follow the steps, and a scholar should walk in the middle. When walking slowly, they should all follow this. When walking quickly, one should not move his hands or feet, and a pig in a circle should not lift its feet, but should move in unison like a stream. The same is true for those at the table. When walking upright, one's chin should flow like an arrow, and when walking with a hat on, one should lift his shoes and hold a tortoise shell, lift his front and drag his heels, and walk slowly. When walking, one should be in a state of dignified and orderly manner, and the temple should be in a state of mingled and the court should be full of people. The gentleman's face is relaxed and slow, and he is respectful when he sees someone he respects. His feet are heavy, his hands are respectful, his eyes are upright, his mouth is still, his voice is quiet, his head is straight, his aura is solemn, his posture is virtuous, his expression is solemn, he sits like a corpse, and when he is at home, he is warm and gentle. When offering sacrifices, his face and color are as if he sees the person he is offering sacrifices to. His expression is full of sorrow, his expression is dazed, his eyes are agitated, his speech is cocooned, his expression is fierce, his speech is rude, his expression is stern, and his eyes are clear. His appearance is clear, he is humble but not flattering, his head and neck must be in the right place, he stands upright and walks in time, his aura is full and solid, and his complexion is elegant. When referring to oneself: the emperor says "I am the only one", the baron says "the emperor's powerful minister". The princes say to the emperor "the minister who guards such and such a land", and those in the border towns say "the minister who protects such and such a land". Those who are inferior to the enemy say "I am the one", the ruler of a small country says "I am the only one", and those who are exiled also say "I am the only one". The senior officials are called lower ministers, and those who are banished are called the widowed monarch's elders. The junior officials name themselves, and those who are banished are called the widowed officials. The crown prince names himself, and those who are banished are called the widowed monarch's suitable ones. The princes are called the ministers of the ministers. The scholars are called the ministers of ... The country of the eight barbarians is outside the south gate, facing north and going east. The country of the six Rong is outside the west gate, facing east and going south. The country of the five Di is outside the north gate, facing south and going east. The country of the nine Cai is outside the Ying Gate, facing north and going east. The four barriers are there, and the world is here. This is the location of the Mingtang of Duke Zhou. The Mingtang is to clarify the nobility and inferiority of the princes.
The enemy of the father will not live under the same sky with him. The enemy of the brother will not fight back. Friends are from different countries. There are many fortifications in the suburbs, which is a disgrace to the nobles. The land is vast, but it is uncultivated, which is also a disgrace to the scholars.
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