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The Duke said, “May I ask what is meant by completing your body?” Confucius replied, “No more than things.” The Duke said, “May I ask what is meant by the way of heaven for a gentleman? ” Confucius replied: “It is precious to have ‘never stop’. Just like the sun and the moon follow each other from east to west, it never stops. This is the way of heaven; it does not close for a long time. This is the way of heaven; things are accomplished without action. This is the way of heaven; it is bright after it is accomplished. ” The Duke said: “I am stupid and foolish. I am bothering your mind.” Confucius kicked the mat and replied: “A benevolent man does not go beyond things, and a filial son does not go beyond things. Therefore, a benevolent man serves his parents as he serves heaven, and serves heaven as he serves his parents. Therefore, a filial son completes himself.” The Duke said: “Now that I have heard this, what is the sin in the future?” Confucius replied: “Your Majesty’s words are a blessing to me.”

Zai Wo said, "I have heard of the names of ghosts and gods, but I do not know what they are." Confucius said, "Qi is the flourishing of the spirit; Po is the flourishing of the ghost; the combination of ghosts and gods is the ultimate teaching. All living things must die, and after death they must return to the earth: this is called ghosts. Bones and flesh die below, and the shade becomes wild soil; their qi spreads above, becoming bright, scorching, and mournful. This is the essence of all things and the manifestation of the spirit. Based on the essence of things, it is made to the extreme, and the ghosts and gods are made clear, so that they are the example of the people. The hundreds of people fear them, and the ten thousand people obey them." The sage thought that this was not enough, so he built palaces and called them ancestral temples to distinguish between relatives and strangers, and taught the people to return to the ancient times and never forget where they were born. The people obeyed from this, so they listened and were quick. After the two ends were established, they responded with two rituals. When building court affairs, burning meat and vegetables, and showing the light of the sky, to respond to the qi. This is to teach the people to return to the beginning. Offering millet and sorghum, showing respect to the liver, lungs, head and heart, and offering chivalrous wine to the occasion, and adding yuchang wine, is to repay the soul. Teaching the people to love each other and the superiors and subordinates to use affection is the highest etiquette.

Sacrificing in the Mingtang is to teach the princes to be filial; eating the three elders and five changes in the university is to teach the princes' brothers. Sacrificing to the sages in the Western Learning is to teach the princes' virtues; farming is to teach the princes to raise their children; paying homage is to teach the princes' ministers. The five are the great teachings of the world. Eating the three elders and five changes in the university, the emperor strips bare and cuts the animals, holds the sauce and feeds, holds the cup and drinks, and wears the crown and shakes the wine, so as to teach the princes' brothers. Therefore, there are ages in the village, and the old and the poor are not left out, the strong do not bully the weak, and the majority do not oppress the minority. This is due to the university. The emperor set up four schools, and when they enter the school, they will be the elders. The emperor patrols and the princes wait until the end. The emperor foresees the hundred years. Eighty, ninety, and ninety years old: those who go eastwards dare not pass by those who go westwards; those who go westwards dare not pass by those who go eastwards. If you want to talk about politics, the king can go to them. The first order is to be a senior in the village, the second order is to be a senior in the clan, and the third order is not a senior; if there are seventy people in the clan, they dare not go before them. Seventy-year-olds shall not enter the court without a major reason; if they enter the court for a major reason, the king must bow and yield to them, and then to those with titles. When the emperor does good, he yields his virtue to heaven; when the princes do good, he gives it to the emperor; when the ministers do good, they recommend it to the princes; when scholars and common people do good, they give it to their parents and keep it in the elders; and the salaries, titles, celebrations and rewards are given to the ancestral temples; this is to show obedience. In the past, the sages established the relationship between yin and yang, heaven and earth, and established it as the Book of Changes. The Book of Changes holds a tortoise shell and faces south, and the emperor rolls up his crown and faces north. Although he has a clear mind, he must advance and stop his intention. This shows that he dares not monopolize, so as to respect heaven. When he does good, he praises others; when he does wrong, he praises himself. Teach not to boast, so as to respect the virtuous. When a filial son is about to offer sacrifices, he must have a solemn heart to consider matters, prepare clothes and things, repair the palace, and manage all things. On the day of the sacrifice, his face must be warm and his movements must be fearful, as if fear is not as good as love. When he is offering sacrifices, his face must be warm and his body must be bent, as if he is talking but not yet. All the night guests have left, and they stand low and calm, as if they are about to be seen. After the sacrifice, he is happy and calm, as if he is about to go back. Therefore, sincerity and goodness do not violate the body, the ears and eyes do not violate the heart, and thoughts and considerations do not violate the parents. Tie all the hearts, express all the faces, and the art of reflection is the will of the filial son. The god of the country is on the right, and the ancestral temple is on the left.

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最新章节：躲（2025-03-19）

更新时间：2025-03-19