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Sacrifices should not be frequent, as frequent sacrifices will lead to trouble, and trouble will lead to disrespect. Sacrifices should not be frequent, as frequent sacrifices will lead to laziness, and laziness will lead to forgetfulness. Therefore, a gentleman should follow the way of heaven: Spring sacrifices and autumn tastings. When frost and dew have fallen, a gentleman will feel sad when walking on them, not because of the cold. In spring, when rain and dew have wetted, a gentleman will feel terrified when walking on them, as if he is about to see it. Music is used to welcome, and sorrow is used to send off. Therefore, there is music in the sacrifices but no music in the tastings. Bring harmony inside and disperse harmony outside. On the day of the sacrifices: think about where he lives, think about his laughter, think about his aspirations, think about what he enjoys, and think about what he likes. After three days of sacrifices, you can see what he has done for harmony. On the day of sacrifice: when entering the room, one must see the position; when going out of the door, one must hear the voice; when going out of the door, one must hear the sigh. Therefore, the filial piety of the ancient kings is that the color does not forget the eyes, the sound does not stop in the ears, and the desires of the heart do not forget the heart. If you love, it will be preserved; if you are sincere, it will be remembered. If it is preserved and not forgotten in the heart, how can you not be respectful? A gentleman respectfully supports when he is alive and respectfully offers sacrifices to his dead, thinking that he will not be humiliated throughout his life. A gentleman has a lifelong mourning, which is the meaning of the anniversary of the death. Not using the anniversary of the death is not a bad omen. On the day of the death, one's mind is to reach a certain point, but he dare not use his private interests to the fullest. Only the sage can offer sacrifices to the emperor, and the filial son can offer sacrifices to his parents. Offering sacrifices means to pay respect. After paying respect, one can offer sacrifices. Therefore, the filial son does not feel ashamed when he is in front of the corpse. The king leads the sacrifice, and the lady offers the bowl. The king offers the corpse, and the lady offers the rice. The ministers assist the king, and the women assist the lady. Be respectful, be loyal, and be happy. Don't be too eager to entertain. King Wen's sacrifice: treat the dead as if they were alive, think of the dead as if they didn't want to live, mourn on the anniversary of the death, and mention the taboo as if you saw your parents. The loyalty of the sacrifice is like seeing the loved ones of the parents, and like the desire to express it; is it King Wen? The Book of Songs says: "I wake up in the morning and can't sleep, I have two people in my mind." This is King Wen's poem. The day after the sacrifice, I wake up in the morning and can't sleep, and I offer it to the deceased, and then I think about it. On the day of the sacrifice, there is half joy and half sorrow; the feast must be joyful, and the arrival must be sorrowful.

In the county of the emperor: 100 for a square of 100 li. Nine for a square of 100 li are enfeoffed, and the rest are 91 for a square of 100 li. Twenty-one for a square of 70 li are enfeoffed, which are 10 for a square of 100 li, 29 for a square of 10 li; the rest are 80 for a square of 100 li, 71 for a square of 10 li. Sixty-three for a square of 50 li are enfeoffed, which are 15 for a square of 100 li, 75 for a square of 10 li; the rest are 64 for a square of 100 li, and 96 for a square of 10 li. The lower officials of the princes are given salaries for 9 people, the middle officials are given salaries for 18 people, and the upper officials are given salaries for 36 people. The lower officials are given salaries for 72 people, and the ministers are given salaries for 288 people. The king feeds 2,880 people. The ministers of the lower states feed 216 people, and the king feeds 2,160 people. The ministers of the smaller states feed 144 people, and the king feeds 1,440 people. The ministers of the lower states, who are appointed by their kings, are like the ministers of the smaller states. The great officials of the emperor are the three supervisors, who supervise the states of the princes. Their salaries are the same as those of the ministers of the princes, and their titles are the same as those of the kings of the lower states. Their salaries are taken from the land of the prefects. The prefects are the emperors, and they all have bathing towns within the emperor's counties, and they are regarded as the prime ministers. The princes' sons inherit their states, but the great officials do not inherit their titles. They are appointed by virtue, and they are given titles by merit. If they are not given titles, they are regarded as the prime ministers of the emperor and rule their states. The great officials of the princes do not inherit their titles and salaries.

Ziyou asked, “Is it a courtesy to mourn a loving mother as if she were your own mother?” Confucius said, “It is not a courtesy. In ancient times, men had tutors outside and loving mothers inside, and they were appointed by the king to teach their children. Why should they wear mourning clothes? In the past, Duke Zhao of Lu lost his mother when he was young. He had a loving mother who was good. When her mother died, the duke could not bear to mourn her. He wanted to mourn her. The officials reported it to the king, who said, “According to the ancient etiquette, loving mothers should not be mourned. Now you are mourning for her. This is against the ancient etiquette and disrupts the laws of the country. If you carry it out, the officials will write it down and leave it to future generations. Isn’t it wrong!” The duke said, “In ancient times, the emperor wore a silk hat when he was at home. 'The Duke could not bear it, so he wore a white hat to mourn his beloved mother. The practice of mourning a beloved mother began with Duke Zhao of Lu. Zengzi asked, "When the princes meet the emperor, they cannot complete the ceremony when entering the door. How many of them are abolished?" Confucius said, "Four." Please ask. He said, "The great temple is on fire, the sun is eclipsed, the queen's funeral, and the rain soaks the clothes and makes them lose their appearance, then it is abolished. If all the princes are present and the sun is eclipsed, they will follow the emperor to put out the sun, and each will give his own weapons in his own color. If the great temple is on fire, they will follow the emperor to put out the fire, and will not give his own weapons in his own color." Zengzi asked, "When the princes meet, they bow and yield to each other when entering the door, and cannot complete the ceremony. How many of them are abolished?" Confucius said, "Six." Please ask. He said, "When the emperor dies, the great temple is on fire, the sun is eclipsed, the queen's funeral, and the rain soaks the clothes and makes them lose their appearance, then it is abolished." Zengzi asked, "When the emperor has offered sacrifices to the five sacrifices in the suburbs and the altars, the food and utensils have been laid out, and when the emperor dies, what should be done with the queen's funeral?" Confucius said, "Abolished. Zengzi asked, "When the sacrifice is to be made and the sun is eclipsed, and the Taimiao is on fire, what should be done with the sacrifice?" Confucius said, "Just follow the sacrifice. If the animal arrives but has not been killed, it is cancelled. When the emperor dies but has not been buried, the five sacrifices cannot be performed; after the funeral, the sacrifice is performed, the corpse is brought in, the three meals are not served, and the wine is not vinegared. From the opening to the return of the mourning, the five sacrifices cannot be performed; after the burial, the sacrifice is performed, the prayers are finished and the offerings are made." Zengzi asked, "When the princes offer sacrifices to the gods and grain, the sacrificial vessels and dishes are already laid out. What should they do when they hear of the death of the emperor, the mourning of the queen, the death of the king, or the mourning of the lady?" Confucius said, "Abolish it. From the death to the funeral, from the opening to the return of the mourning, they serve the emperor." Zengzi asked, "When the ministers offer sacrifices, the tripods and sacrificial vessels are laid out, and the dishes are set out, but the rituals cannot be completed. How many of them are cancelled?" Confucius said, "Nine. "Please ask. He said: "The death of the emperor, the mourning of the queen, the death of the monarch, the mourning of the lady, the fire of the monarch's grand temple, the solar eclipse, the three-year mourning, the mourning of Qisui and the great merit are all abolished. The mourning of the outside world from Qisui onwards is carried out. The sacrifice of Qisui is that the corpse is brought in, three meals are not served, and the wine is not made with vinegar. The great merit is just a vinegar. The small merit and mourning are just things in the room. The reason why scholars are different is that they do not offer sacrifices in mourning, and they offer sacrifices to the dead without wearing mourning clothes. "

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最新章节：作死小能手（2025-03-21）

更新时间：2025-03-21