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The Master said: "Shun is a great wise man! Shun likes to ask questions and likes to investigate what others say, hides evil and promotes good, holds both ends, and uses the middle for the people. Is this what Shun is!"
Therefore, the rite of audience is to clarify the righteousness between the monarch and the ministers. The rite of marriage is to make the princes respect each other. The rite of funeral and sacrifice is to clarify the grace of the ministers. The rite of drinking in the village is to clarify the order of the elders and the young. The rite of marriage is to clarify the difference between men and women. Rites are the source of restraint and chaos, just like the source of water in the village. Therefore, those who destroy the old temple because they think it is useless will surely be destroyed by water; those who destroy the old ritual because they think it is useless will surely be destroyed by water.
When Yuan Yanbo was a minister of the Ministry of Personnel, Zijing wrote to Xi Jiabin: "Yanbo has come in, which is enough to revive my spirit. Therefore, I know that it is difficult for me to beat him, and I hope that he will be rejected a little and then he will be promoted again."
Wang Ziyou lived in Shanyin. It snowed heavily at night. He woke up, opened the room, and ordered wine to be poured. The sky was bright all around, so I stood up and imitated the poet, reciting Zuo Si's poem to invite hermits. Suddenly I remembered Dai Andao, who was in Shan at that time, so I took a small boat to visit him at night. After walking a night, he finally arrived, but he opened the door without going forward and turned back. When asked why, the king said, "I went out for fun and returned when the fun wore off. Why should I see Dai?"
Ritual is to the right state: it is like a scale to weight, a ruler to straightness, and a compass to squareness. Therefore, if the scale is honestly hung, it cannot be deceived by the weight; if the ruler is honestly laid out, it cannot be deceived by the crookedness; if the rules are honestly set up, it cannot be deceived by the squareness and roundness; a gentleman examines the rites and cannot be accused of treachery. Therefore, those who respect the rites and follow the rites are called the gentlemen with the rules; those who do not respect the rites and do not follow the rites are called the people without the rules. It is the way of respect and yielding. Therefore, when serving the ancestral temple, one is respectful; when entering the court, the noble and the humble have their positions; when living at home, the father and son are close and the brothers are harmonious; when living in the village, the elders and the young are in order. Confucius said: "To settle the state and govern the people, nothing is better than rites." This is what he meant.
A gentleman is usually reserved. A gentleman is ashamed to prepare funeral supplies. A gentleman will not do anything that can be prepared in one or two days. In mourning clothes, the sons of brothers are treated as sons, and they should be welcomed and brought forward; the sisters-in-law and uncles have no mourning clothes, and they should be pushed away; the sisters-in-law and sisters are thin, and some people accept me and treat them well. Eating beside a mourning person, I have never been full.
Therefore, if male education is not cultivated, yang affairs cannot be achieved, and it happens to be seen in the sky, the sun is eclipsed; if female obedience is not cultivated, yin affairs cannot be achieved, and it happens to be seen in the sky, the moon is eclipsed. Therefore, when the sun is eclipsed, the emperor wears plain clothes and cultivates the duties of the six officials, and eliminates the yang affairs of the world; when the moon is eclipsed, the queen wears plain clothes and cultivates the duties of the six palaces, and eliminates the yin affairs of the world. Therefore, the emperor and the queen are like the sun and the moon, the yin and the yang, and they need each other to succeed. The emperor cultivates male education, which is the father's way; the queen cultivates female obedience, which is the mother's way. Therefore, it is said that the relationship between the emperor and the empress is like that between a father and his mother. Therefore, to wear mourning clothes for the emperor is the same as to wear mourning clothes for the father; to wear mourning clothes for the empress is the same as to wear mourning clothes for the mother.
For all residents, measure the land to make the town, and measure the land to make the residents. The land, town, people, and residence must be in harmony. There is no wasteland, no vagrants, and food and work are moderate. The people are all at ease in their homes, enjoy work and encourage merit, respect the king and be close to the superiors, and then promote learning.
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