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The Duke said, “May I ask what is meant by completing your body?” Confucius replied, “No more than things.” The Duke said, “May I ask what is meant by the way of heaven for a gentleman? ” Confucius replied: “It is precious to have ‘never stop’. Just like the sun and the moon follow each other from east to west, it never stops. This is the way of heaven; it does not close for a long time. This is the way of heaven; things are accomplished without action. This is the way of heaven; it is bright after it is accomplished. ” The Duke said: “I am stupid and foolish. I am bothering your mind.” Confucius kicked the mat and replied: “A benevolent man does not go beyond things, and a filial son does not go beyond things. Therefore, a benevolent man serves his parents as he serves heaven, and serves heaven as he serves his parents. Therefore, a filial son completes himself.” The Duke said: “Now that I have heard this, what is the sin in the future?” Confucius replied: “Your Majesty’s words are a blessing to me.”
Gu Changkang worshipped Huan Xuanwu's tomb and composed a poem: "The mountains collapsed and the seas dried up, where will the fish and birds go?" Someone asked him: "You relied on Huan so much, can you see your crying?" Gu said: "My nose is like a wide wind, and my eyes are like a river bursting." Someone else said: "My voice is like thunder that breaks the mountain, and my tears are like a river pouring into the sea."
He Yan and Deng Yang asked Guan Lu to make a hexagram, saying: "I wonder if the position will reach Three Dukes?" After the hexagram was made, Lu quoted the ancient meaning and took it as a deep warning. Yang said, "This is what old people always say." Yan said, "How amazing! The ancients thought it was difficult. Today, people think it is difficult to be sincere in communication. Now you have achieved two difficult things at the same time. You can be called 'the bright virtue is fragrant'. Doesn't the poem say, 'Hide it in your heart, how can you forget it?'"
Confucius said: "To bring death to the dead is unkind and cannot be done; to bring life to the dead is ignorant and cannot be done. Therefore, bamboo cannot be used, tiles cannot taste good, wood cannot be cut, zither and qin are stretched but not level, 竽笙 are complete but not harmonious, there are bells and chimes but no bamboo shoots, which are called Ming vessels, which are divine."
Those who follow others in mourning should not mourn until their parents are gone. Those who follow others should mourn even when their parents are dead. If a concubine leaves a female ruler, she should not mourn for the female ruler's son. According to etiquette, there is no sacrifice without the king. The crown prince does not lower his wife's parents; his wife is the same as the son of a senior official. If the father is a scholar and the son is the emperor or a prince, then sacrifices are made to the emperor or a prince, and his body is dressed in scholar's clothes. If the father is the emperor or a prince and the son is a scholar, sacrifices are made to the scholar, and his body is dressed in scholar's clothes. If a woman leaves the house when she is in mourning, she should be removed. If she leaves the house before mourning for her parents, she should be mourned for three years. If she leaves the house after mourning, it is over. If she returns without mourning, she should be mourned for a period of time; if she returns after mourning, she should be mourned for a period of time.
Zeng Zi asked, “The ministers and officials will prepare the corpse for the Duke, and they will receive the funeral rites overnight, but there is mourning in the mourning clothes. What should we do?” Confucius said, “When the corpse is taken out, it should be kept in the palace to wait for the funeral. This is the etiquette.” Confucius said, “When the corpse is taken out with a hat and a crown, the ministers, officials, and scholars should all get out of the way. The corpse must be arranged in a proper manner and must be led in front.” Zixia asked, “Is it the etiquette that the mourning period of three years is over and there is no need to avoid the funeral rites? Was there a supervisor at the beginning?” Confucius said, “The three-year mourning period of the Xia Dynasty was over, and the funeral rites were held after the funeral. The Yin people held the funeral rites after the burial. The Records says, ‘A gentleman does not deprive others of their relatives, and one should not deprive them of their relatives.’ Is this what it means?” Zixia said, “There is no need to avoid the funeral rites, is it not? Confucius said, "I heard Lao Dan say that Duke Boqin of Lu did it for a purpose. I don't know who is following the benefit of the three-year mourning period now!"
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