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Confucius was sitting with Duke Ai, who said, “May I ask who is the most important in human nature?” Confucius looked sad and replied, “Your Majesty, when you said this, it is the virtue of the people! How dare I answer without words? In human nature, politics is the most important.” The Duke said, “May I ask what is politics?” Confucius replied, “Politics is justice. If the monarch is just, the people will follow politics. What the monarch does, the people will follow. What the monarch does not do, how can the people follow?” The Duke said, “May I ask how to govern?” Confucius replied, “Husband and wife are different, father and son are close, and monarch and minister are strict. Three If the ruler is upright, all things will follow him. "The Duke said, "Although I am not like you, I would like to hear the reason why I practice the Three Words. Can I hear it?" Confucius replied, "In ancient times, loving people was the most important thing in governing; the most important thing in governing people was courtesy; the most important thing in governing courtesy was respect; when respect is the highest, the great wedding is the greatest. The great wedding is here! When the great wedding is here, wearing a crown and welcoming the emperor in person is to be close to him. To be close to the emperor is to be close to the emperor. Therefore, a gentleman should promote respect as a way to be close to the emperor; abandoning respect is to abandon one's relatives. Without love, there is no closeness; without respect, there is no justice. Love and respect are the foundation of politics!" The Duke said, "I would like to have something to say. But wearing a crown and welcoming the emperor in person, isn't that too important?" Confucius looked sad and replied, "To unite the two families, to succeed the ancestors, to be the masters of the heaven, earth, ancestral temples, and the land, why do you say that it is too important?" The Duke said, "I am stubborn! If I am not stubborn, how can I hear such words? I want to ask, but I can't say it. Please come in a little bit!" Confucius said: "If heaven and earth are not united, all things cannot grow. The great marriage is the heir of ten thousand generations. Why do you think you are already so important?" Confucius then said: "If you govern the ancestral temple at home, you will be able to match the gods of heaven and earth; if you govern the country with the etiquette of speaking frankly, you will be able to establish respect between superiors and subordinates. Shame for things will be able to revive it, and shame for the country will be able to revive it. Governing starts with etiquette. Etiquette is the root of governance!" Confucius then said: "The governance of the wise kings of the Three Dynasties must respect their wives and children. There is a way. The wife is the master of the parents. How dare you not respect her? The son is the successor of the parents. How dare you not respect her? A gentleman respects everything, and respecting oneself is the most important. The body is the branch of the parents. How dare you not respect it? Failure to respect oneself hurts one's parents; hurting one's parents hurts the root; hurting the root, the branches will die. These three are the images of the people. One's body is as good as one's body, one's son is as good as one's son, and one's concubine is as good as one's concubine. If a king practices these three, then the world will be united. This is the way of the great king. In this way, the country will be in harmony. ”

Sacrificing in the Mingtang is to teach the princes to be filial; eating the three elders and five changes in the university is to teach the princes' brothers. Sacrificing to the sages in the Western Learning is to teach the princes' virtues; farming is to teach the princes to raise their children; paying homage is to teach the princes' ministers. The five are the great teachings of the world. Eating the three elders and five changes in the university, the emperor strips bare and cuts the animals, holds the sauce and feeds, holds the cup and drinks, and wears the crown and shakes the wine, so as to teach the princes' brothers. Therefore, there are ages in the village, and the old and the poor are not left out, the strong do not bully the weak, and the majority do not oppress the minority. This is due to the university. The emperor set up four schools, and when they enter the school, they will be the elders. The emperor patrols and the princes wait until the end. The emperor foresees the hundred years. Eighty, ninety, and ninety years old: those who go eastwards dare not pass by those who go westwards; those who go westwards dare not pass by those who go eastwards. If you want to talk about politics, the king can go to them. The first order is to be a senior in the village, the second order is to be a senior in the clan, and the third order is not a senior; if there are seventy people in the clan, they dare not go before them. Seventy-year-olds shall not enter the court without a major reason; if they enter the court for a major reason, the king must bow and yield to them, and then to those with titles. When the emperor does good, he yields his virtue to heaven; when the princes do good, he gives it to the emperor; when the ministers do good, they recommend it to the princes; when scholars and common people do good, they give it to their parents and keep it in the elders; and the salaries, titles, celebrations and rewards are given to the ancestral temples; this is to show obedience. In the past, the sages established the relationship between yin and yang, heaven and earth, and established it as the Book of Changes. The Book of Changes holds a tortoise shell and faces south, and the emperor rolls up his crown and faces north. Although he has a clear mind, he must advance and stop his intention. This shows that he dares not monopolize, so as to respect heaven. When he does good, he praises others; when he does wrong, he praises himself. Teach not to boast, so as to respect the virtuous. When a filial son is about to offer sacrifices, he must have a solemn heart to consider matters, prepare clothes and things, repair the palace, and manage all things. On the day of the sacrifice, his face must be warm and his movements must be fearful, as if fear is not as good as love. When he is offering sacrifices, his face must be warm and his body must be bent, as if he is talking but not yet. All the night guests have left, and they stand low and calm, as if they are about to be seen. After the sacrifice, he is happy and calm, as if he is about to go back. Therefore, sincerity and goodness do not violate the body, the ears and eyes do not violate the heart, and thoughts and considerations do not violate the parents. Tie all the hearts, express all the faces, and the art of reflection is the will of the filial son. The god of the country is on the right, and the ancestral temple is on the left.

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最新章节：孔家没了（2025-03-15）

更新时间：2025-03-15