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Morality, benevolence and righteousness cannot be achieved without propriety, and teaching and correcting customs cannot be achieved without propriety. When resolving disputes, do not make the decision without proper etiquette. The relationship between the ruler and his subjects, father and son, and brothers cannot be determined without propriety. When an official studies or serves a teacher, he should not be close to him without proper etiquette. When Ban Chao governs the army and takes office to enforce the law, he must act with propriety and dignity. Praying to temples and offering sacrifices to ghosts and gods are not polite, sincere or solemn. Therefore, a gentleman is respectful, frugal, and yielding in order to show courtesy. Parrots can speak, but they are still birds; orangutans can speak, but they are still animals. People nowadays are rude, even if they can speak, don鈥檛 they have the heart of beasts? Only animals are so undisciplined that fathers and sons live together. Therefore, the sages created rituals to teach people. Teach people to be polite and know how to distinguish themselves from animals.
Zeng Zi asked: "What should be done if there is a funeral? What comes first and what comes later?" Confucius said: "In the funeral, the light is first and then the heavy; the offering is first and then the light; it is a ritual. From the beginning to the funeral, there is no offering, and there is no mourning during the funeral; after the funeral, there is an offering, and then say goodbye to the funeral, and then do the funeral. The funeral is first heavy and then light, which is a ritual." Confucius said: "Even if the son of the clan is seventy, there is no one without a mistress; if he is not a son of the clan, it is okay even if he has no mistress."
Ziyun: "As for the father's hand, you can ride in his car but not wear his clothes. The gentleman uses this to expand filial piety." Confucius said: "The villain can all support their parents, but the gentleman is not respectful, how to distinguish?" Confucius said: "Father and son are not in the same position, so they are respectful." The Book of Documents says: "If you don't respect your ancestors, you will be disgraced." Confucius said: "When parents are alive, don't call them old, talk about filial piety but not kindness; inside the boudoir, play but don't sigh." The gentleman uses this to keep the people, and the people are still less filial and more kind. Confucius said: "The ruler of the people, the court respects the elderly, and then the people will be filial." Confucius said: "Sacrificial offerings have corpses, and they are the masters of the ancestral temples, which show the people that there is something to do. Repairing the ancestral temples and respecting the sacrifices are to teach the people to pursue filial piety." With this, the people still forget their parents.
Ten years old is the beginning of decline. Sixty years old cannot be full without meat, seventy years old cannot be warm without silk, eighty years old cannot be warm without people, and ninety years old cannot be warm even if they have people. Fifty years old can be supported by a stick at home, sixty years old can be supported by a stick in the village, seventy years old can be supported by a stick in the country, and eighty years old can be supported by a stick in the court. If the emperor wants to ask about a person at the age of ninety, he should go to his room and accompany him. Seventy years old does not need to wait for the court, eighty years old can report his life every month, and ninety years old has a regular schedule. Fifty years old does not participate in government affairs, sixty years old does not participate in military service, seventy years old does not participate in guests, and eighty years old does not participate in funeral affairs. Fifty years old can be given a title, sixty years old does not participate in school, seventy years old can retire from government affairs; all those above seventy years old can only wear mourning clothes and linen. All three kings provide for the elderly according to their age. A son of an eighty-year-old does not participate in government affairs, and a family of a ninety-year-old does not participate in government affairs; the same applies to the blind. When parents are alive, a son does not sit even if he is old. The Youyu clan provided for the state elders in Shangxiang and provided for the common people elders in Xiaxiang; the Xiahou clan provided for the state elders in Dongxu and provided for the common people elders in Xixu; the Yin people provided for the state elders in Youxue and provided for the common people elders in Zuoxue; the Zhou people provided for the state elders in Dongjiao and provided for the common people elders in Yuxue, which was located in the western suburbs of the state. The Youyu clan provided for the elderly in the imperial palace and wore deep clothes; the Xiahou clan provided for the elderly in the imperial palace and wore Yan clothes; the Yin people provided for the elderly in the imperial palace and wore white clothes; the Zhou people provided for the elderly in the imperial palace and wore black clothes.
Taifu Xie said to Wang Youjun: "In middle age, I am hurt by sorrow and joy. When I say goodbye to my relatives and friends, I feel sick for several days." Wang said: "I am in my twilight years, so it is natural for me to be like this. I rely on music and calligraphy. I am always afraid that my children will notice it and ruin my joy."
When Xiao Yu was dying, he proposed to let Zi Yuanke take his place. The court was worried that he would not obey orders and did not know where to send him, so they decided to use Huan Wen. Liu Yin said: "If he leaves, we will surely be able to conquer Western Chu, but I'm afraid it won't be possible to replicate it."
When the dukes sent people to the dukes, the messengers called themselves "guaijunzhilao". The emperor is solemn, the princes are majestic, the great officials are numerous, the scholars are staggering, and the common people are humble.
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