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The Master said: “What the gentleman calls righteousness is that both the noble and the humble have to serve the world; the emperor personally ploughs the fields and offers rice and wine to serve the God, so the princes diligently assist the emperor in serving the emperor. ”The Master said: “The lower serves the higher. Although they have the great virtue of protecting the people, they dare not have the heart of the ruler and the people, which is the depth of benevolence. Therefore, the gentleman is respectful and frugal in order to serve benevolence, trustworthy and yielding in order to serve propriety, does not value his own work, does not respect himself, is frugal in his position and has few desires, yields to the virtuous, humbles himself and respects others, is cautious and fears righteousness, seeks to serve the ruler, is self-righteous when he gets it, and self-righteous when he does not, so as to listen to the will of heaven. The Book of Songs says: ‘The kudzu vines are spread on the branches; the noble gentleman seeks blessings and does not turn back. ’ This is what Shun, Yu, King Wen, and Duke Zhou said! They have the great virtue of the ruler and the people, and are cautious in serving the ruler. The Book of Songs says: "Only this King Wen, who was careful and cautious, served the God with sincerity, and had many blessings in his heart. His virtue did not turn back, and he was accepted by the states. '" Confucius said: "The former kings gave him a posthumous title with a noble name, and were frugal with a single benevolence, because they were ashamed of their reputation floating above their actions. Therefore, a gentleman does not boast of his deeds, does not exaggerate his achievements, so as to seek to be treated with kindness; he does not go beyond his actions, so as to seek to be treated with kindness; he praises the goodness of others and praises their achievements, so as to seek to be virtuous. Therefore, although a gentleman humbles himself, the people respect and respect him. "The Master said: "Hou Ji, the most powerful person in the world, is not just one hand and one foot! He only wants to float above his name, so he thinks he is convenient for people. "

In the funeral of parents, one lives in a hut and does not lay on the ground, sleeps on straw and pillows, and does not talk about anything other than funeral matters. The king builds a hut for the deceased, and the officials and scholars cover it. After the burial, the pillars and lintels are covered, and the hut is not for the prominent. The king, the officials, and the scholars all have their corpses. For those who are not the proper sons, a hut is built for the secluded from before the burial. After the burial, stand with people: the king talks about the king's affairs, not the affairs of the state; the great officials and scholars talk about the public affairs, not the affairs of the family. After the king is buried, the king's government returns to the country, and after the mourning is over, they will wear the king's affairs; after the great officials and scholars are buried, the public government returns to the family, and after the mourning is over, they will wear the hat and the belt, and there will be no avoidance of the affairs of the armor. After the mourning, live in the whitewashed room, do not live with others. The king discusses the affairs of the state, and the great officials and scholars discuss the affairs of the family. After the auspicious, the whitewashed. When the auspicious is good, there will be no crying outside; when the mourning is over, there will be no crying inside, because the music has been played. After the mourning, follow the emperor, and after the auspicious sacrifice, go back to bed.

When Zigong asked about mourning, Confucius said, "Respect is the best, grief is the next, and thinness is the worst. The color of the face reflects the feelings; the sorrowful expression reflects the clothes." When asked about the mourning of brothers, Confucius said, "The mourning of brothers is recorded in the books and strategies. "A gentleman does not take away the mourning of others, nor should he take away his own mourning. Confucius said: "Shaolian and Dalian are good at mourning. They do not get tired for three days and do not stop for three months. They are sad for a long time and worried for three years. They are the sons of Dongyi. ”

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更新时间：2025-03-16