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A gentleman practices etiquette and does not seek to change customs. The rituals of sacrifice, mourning clothes, and crying positions are all the same as those of his country. He should carefully revise the laws and implement them carefully. After leaving the country for three generations, the title and salary are listed in the court, and there is an imperial edict to the country when entering and leaving. If brothers and clansmen are still alive, they should report to the clan queen; after leaving the country for three generations, the title and salary are not listed in the court, and there is no imperial edict to the country when entering and leaving. Only on the day of the new country, the law of the new country should be followed. A gentleman does not change his name after he is orphaned. If he becomes noble after being orphaned, he does not give his father a posthumous title. In mourning, before the burial, read the funeral ceremony; after the burial, read the sacrificial ceremony; after the mourning, read the music.
Zhu Fashen was sitting next to Jianwen. Liu Yin asked, "Why does a Taoist visit rich families?" He replied, "You can see the rich families yourself. I, a poor Taoist, am like visiting a thatched cottage." Some people said it was Bian Ling.
Zeng Zi asked: "Can the funeral of a major merit be included in the offering of sacrifices?" Confucius said: "It is not a major merit! "Zengzi asked, "Is it not possible to make sacrifices with light clothes?" Confucius said, "That is not what I mean. In the funerals of the Son of Heaven and the dukes, those who are in mourning clothes offer sacrifices; the high officials, those who are in mourning clothes offer sacrifices; the scholars, their friends offer sacrifices; if it is not enough, they take from those who are of great merit or less; if it is not enough, they take from those who are of great merit or less." Zengzi asked, "Can small merits be included in the sacrifices?" Confucius said, "Why must it be small merits? Those who are in mourning clothes and below offer sacrifices; that is etiquette." Zengzi asked, "Is it not possible to make sacrifices with light clothes?" Confucius said, "In the funerals of the Son of Heaven and the dukes, those who are not in mourning clothes do not offer sacrifices; the high officials, those who are in mourning clothes offer sacrifices; the scholars, if the sacrifice is not enough, they take from those who are of great merit or less." Zengzi asked, "Can acquaintances, if they are in mourning clothes, participate in the sacrifices?" Confucius said, "If you don't offer sacrifices, how can you help others?" Zengzi asked, "Can you take away your mourning clothes and participate in the sacrifices?" ”Confucius said: "Saying mourning and offering sacrifices are not rites; it is OK to reject each other."
Hao Long served as a military officer in the Southern Barbarian Army under Duke Huan of Qin. On the third day of March, Hao Long met with the army and wrote a poem. Those who fail to do so will be fined three liters of wine. Long Chu thought he could not accept the punishment, so after drinking, he took up his pen and wrote a poem: "A fish jumps into the clear pond." Huan asked, "What is a fish?" He answered, "The barbarians call fish 'fish'." Huan Gong asked, "Why do you write in the barbarian language when you write a poem?" Long said, "I came a thousand miles to join you and was appointed as a military officer in the barbarian government. How can I not write in the barbarian language?"
Ten years old is the beginning of decline. Sixty years old cannot be full without meat, seventy years old cannot be warm without silk, eighty years old cannot be warm without people, and ninety years old cannot be warm even if they have people. Fifty years old can be supported by a stick at home, sixty years old can be supported by a stick in the village, seventy years old can be supported by a stick in the country, and eighty years old can be supported by a stick in the court. If the emperor wants to ask about a person at the age of ninety, he should go to his room and accompany him. Seventy years old does not need to wait for the court, eighty years old can report his life every month, and ninety years old has a regular schedule. Fifty years old does not participate in government affairs, sixty years old does not participate in military service, seventy years old does not participate in guests, and eighty years old does not participate in funeral affairs. Fifty years old can be given a title, sixty years old does not participate in school, seventy years old can retire from government affairs; all those above seventy years old can only wear mourning clothes and linen. All three kings provide for the elderly according to their age. A son of an eighty-year-old does not participate in government affairs, and a family of a ninety-year-old does not participate in government affairs; the same applies to the blind. When parents are alive, a son does not sit even if he is old. The Youyu clan provided for the state elders in Shangxiang and provided for the common people elders in Xiaxiang; the Xiahou clan provided for the state elders in Dongxu and provided for the common people elders in Xixu; the Yin people provided for the state elders in Youxue and provided for the common people elders in Zuoxue; the Zhou people provided for the state elders in Dongjiao and provided for the common people elders in Yuxue, which was located in the western suburbs of the state. The Youyu clan provided for the elderly in the imperial palace and wore deep clothes; the Xiahou clan provided for the elderly in the imperial palace and wore Yan clothes; the Yin people provided for the elderly in the imperial palace and wore white clothes; the Zhou people provided for the elderly in the imperial palace and wore black clothes.
To think about the constitution and seek the good is enough to be famous, but not enough to move the masses; to follow the virtuous and understand the distant is enough to move the masses, but not enough to transform the people. If a gentleman wants to transform the people and establish customs, he must learn!
Zigong asked Confucius, "May I ask why gentlemen value jade and despise enamel? Is it because jade is scarce and enamel is plentiful?" Confucius said, "It is not because enamel is plentiful that they despise it, but because jade is scarce that they value it. In the past, gentlemen compared virtues to jade: warm and moist, it is benevolence; meticulous and fine, it is knowledge; incorruptible but not sharp, it is righteousness; hanging like a string, it is courtesy; knocking, the sound is clear and long, and it bends at the end, it is music; flaws do not cover the beauty, and beauty does not cover the flaws, it is loyalty; trustworthiness is everywhere, it is trustworthiness; aura is like a white rainbow, it is heaven; spirit is seen in mountains and rivers, it is earth; jade is outstanding, it is virtue. What is valued by all in the world is the Tao. The Book of Songs says, 'When I think of a gentleman, he is as warm as jade.' Therefore, gentlemen value it."
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