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"Confucians do not serve the emperor above, nor do they serve the princes below; they are cautious and calm, and they value tolerance. They are strong and resolute in dealing with others, and they are knowledgeable and know how to obey. They are close to literature and sharpen their integrity. Even if the country is divided as a penny, they will not serve. This is their rule.
Kong Cheqi had always had the intention of escaping from the world since he was young. It was not until he was over 40 years old that he responded to Andong's order. Before he took up an official post, he often slept alone, sang and played music to teach himself, called himself Kong Lang, and traveled around famous mountains. The people said that he had Taoist magic and built a temple for him. There is still a Confucius Temple today.
"Confucian scholars are approachable but not robbed; they can be approached but not forced; they can be killed but not humiliated. Their residence is not lewd, and their food is not humid; their mistakes can be slightly identified but not counted. There are such people who are resolute. Confucians have loyalty and trustworthiness as armor, propriety and righteousness as oars; they act with benevolence and live with righteousness. Even if there is a tyranny, they will not change their position. They are like this in their self-reliance.
At the beginning of the university's teaching, the students wore leather caps and offered food as sacrifices to show respect for the way; the Xiaoya said that the students were taught at the beginning of the three years; they beat drums and boxes when they entered school to show their knowledge; the two things in summer and Chu were used to collect their power; they did not visit the school before the sacrifice to encourage their aspirations; they observed from time to time but did not speak to keep their minds; the young listened but did not ask questions, and did not skip grades in learning. These seven are the great principles of education. The Records says: "All students should first study, and scholars should first have ambitions." Is this what it means!
The one who is most benevolent has the most heavy mourning; therefore, for a father, he should wear mourning clothes for three years, which is a rule of benevolence. In the governance of the family, grace covers righteousness; in the governance of the family, righteousness cuts off grace. From serving the father to serving the king, and respecting the same, respecting the noble and respecting the elder, this is the greatest righteousness. Therefore, for a king, he should also wear mourning clothes for three years, which is a rule of righteousness.
The destiny of heaven is called nature, following nature is called the way, and cultivating the way is called teaching. The way cannot be separated for a moment, and it is not the way if it can be separated. Therefore, the gentleman is cautious about what he does not see and fearful of what he does not hear. Nothing is more hidden than the hidden, and nothing is more obvious than the subtle, so the gentleman is cautious when he is alone. When joy, anger, sorrow, and happiness are not expressed, it is called the middle; when they are expressed in moderation, it is called harmony; the middle is the great foundation of the world; harmony is the way of the world. When the middle and harmony are achieved, heaven and earth are in their proper places, and all things are nurtured.
Zeng Zi asked, "When a envoy dies in his residence, etiquette says: public residences are restored, but private residences are not restored. In all countries where envoys are granted residences by officials, public residences are already public residences, so why do you say that private residences are not restored?" Confucius said, "What a good question! The homes of ministers, officials, and scholars are called private residences; public residences and official residences are called public residences. The restoration of public residences is what it means." Zeng Zi asked, "The lower dead: Tu Zhou buried in the garden, and then went there by carriage, because the road was close. Now the tomb is far away, how should it be buried?" Confucius said, "I heard Lao Dan say: In the past, Shi Yi had a son who died, which was the lower dead. The tomb was far away, and Zhao Gong asked him, 'Why don't you bury him in the palace? ' Shi Yi said, 'How dare I? ’ Duke Zhao told Duke Zhou about this, and Duke Zhou said, ‘Is it not possible?’ Shi Yi did it. The use of coffins and coffins for the deceased was first introduced by Shi Yi.
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