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A gentleman knows the reasons why teaching is flourishing and the reasons why teaching is abolished, and then he can be a teacher. Therefore, the gentleman's teaching is to guide but not to force, to force but not to suppress, and to open but not to reach. If you follow the way but don't force it, you will be harmonious; if you are strong but don't suppress it, you will be easy; if you open but don't reach it, you will think; harmony and ease with thinking can be called good metaphor.
. When parents grow old, they should not change their ways and should not be late. When parents are sick and look pale, this is the filial son's indifference. When a father dies and one cannot read his books, the traces of his hand remain; when a mother dies and one cannot drink from the cup, the traces of her mouth remain.
Ritual is to the right state: it is like a scale to weight, a ruler to straightness, and a compass to squareness. Therefore, if the scale is honestly hung, it cannot be deceived by the weight; if the ruler is honestly laid out, it cannot be deceived by the crookedness; if the rules are honestly set up, it cannot be deceived by the squareness and roundness; a gentleman examines the rites and cannot be accused of treachery. Therefore, those who respect the rites and follow the rites are called the gentlemen with the rules; those who do not respect the rites and do not follow the rites are called the people without the rules. It is the way of respect and yielding. Therefore, when serving the ancestral temple, one is respectful; when entering the court, the noble and the humble have their positions; when living at home, the father and son are close and the brothers are harmonious; when living in the village, the elders and the young are in order. Confucius said: "To settle the state and govern the people, nothing is better than rites." This is what he meant.
It is better to not be in decline than to be inappropriate. One should not sit at the side in mourning, and one should not serve in service for great achievements.
Offering sacrifices and offering wine are respectful etiquette. Eating lungs is a ritual. Spitting wine is a ritual. At the end of the feast, it means that this is the main part of the feast, not just for eating and drinking, but for performing rituals. This is why rituals are valued and money is despised. After the cup is finished, it is placed on the west steps, which means that the feast is not just for eating and drinking. This is the meaning of putting rituals first and money second. If rituals are put first and money second, people will be respectful and yield without fighting.
Someone asked General Yin Zhongjun: "Why does a general who is about to get a position dream of coffins and utensils, and a general who is about to get wealth dream of feces and dirt?" Yin said: "Officials are originally rotten and smelly, so a general who is about to get a position dreams of coffins and corpses; wealth is originally feces and dirt, so a general who is about to get a position dreams of dirt and dirt." People at that time thought that his name was untrue.
Wang Changyu was a cautious and obedient person, and he was filial to his parents with all his heart. The prime minister was always happy when he saw Changyu, and always angry when he saw Jingyu. When Chang Yu talked with the Prime Minister, he always emphasized caution. Whenever the Prime Minister returned to the court, he would always be escorted to the back of the carriage. Heng and Madam Cao were both placed in the same box. After Changyu's death, the prime minister returned to the palace. After getting on the carriage, he cried all the way to the gate of the palace. Madam Cao made a basket and sealed it, but she could not bear to open it.
The Master said: 鈥淚n the past, the wise kings of the Three Dynasties all worshipped the gods of heaven and earth, and used divination. They did not dare to use their private interests to disrespect the gods. Therefore, they did not violate the sun and the moon, and did not violate divination. Divination does not follow each other. Big events have their dates; small events have no dates, but divination. External events use hard days, internal events use soft days. They do not violate the tortoise shells. 鈥漈he Master said: 鈥淪acrifices, rituals and music are all prosperous, so there is no harm to the gods and ghosts, and no resentment from the people.鈥漈he Master said: 鈥淭he sacrifices of Hou Ji are easy to be rich; his words are respectful, his desires are frugal, and his salary is passed on to his descendants. The Book of Songs says: 鈥楬ou Ji鈥檚 omen sacrifices, and the people have no guilt and regret, and this has continued to this day. 鈥欌漈he Master said: 鈥淭he great man鈥檚 instrument is awe-inspiring. The Son of Heaven does not use divination; the princes have divination. The Son of Heaven uses divination for the way; the princes do not use divination for countries other than their own. Divination for the house and bedroom. The Son of Heaven does not use divination for the great temple. 鈥 Confucius said: 鈥淎 gentleman is respectful and uses sacrificial vessels. Therefore, he does not abandon the sun and the moon, does not violate the tortoise shells and divination, and respectfully serves his ruler. In this way, the superiors do not disrespect the people, and the inferiors do not disrespect the superiors.鈥
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