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There are three reasons for not mourning a death: fear, disgust, and drowning.
The ruler rolls up his crown and stands on the east side, while his wife stands in the room with a double-breasted robe. The ruler bares his body to welcome the sacrificial animal at the door; his wife offers a bean basket. The ministers and the great officials praise the king, and the women of the court praise the wives: each of them promotes his duties. When all officials are dismissed from their duties and serve severe punishments, the whole country will be greatly subdued. Therefore, the summer sacrifice, autumn tasting, winter sacrifice, spring festival, autumn review and the big wax are the emperor's sacrifices.
The "Book of Rites" says: "Be respectful in every way, be solemn as if thinking, and speak calmly." It brings peace to the people!
The host personally invites the guests to the door, and the guests follow him. As for the door, the host bows to the guests and the door, and the guests enter by themselves; the distinction between noble and humble is made. Three bows to the steps, three concessions to the guests, bowing to the door, offering, paying, and refusing are complicated. The door is simple. As for the guests ascending to receive, sitting to offer, standing to drink. No toasts and descending; the distinction between high and low is made.
Men and women do not know each other without a matchmaker; they do not interact or get close to each other without money. Therefore, the sun and the moon are used to inform the king, and all warnings are used to inform the ghosts and gods. Wine and food are prepared to invite neighbors and colleagues to show their respect.
Zeng Zi asked, “The ministers and officials will prepare the corpse for the Duke, and they will receive the funeral rites overnight, but there is mourning in the mourning clothes. What should we do?” Confucius said, “When the corpse is taken out, it should be kept in the palace to wait for the funeral. This is the etiquette.” Confucius said, “When the corpse is taken out with a hat and a crown, the ministers, officials, and scholars should all get out of the way. The corpse must be arranged in a proper manner and must be led in front.” Zixia asked, “Is it the etiquette that the mourning period of three years is over and there is no need to avoid the funeral rites? Was there a supervisor at the beginning?” Confucius said, “The three-year mourning period of the Xia Dynasty was over, and the funeral rites were held after the funeral. The Yin people held the funeral rites after the burial. The Records says, ‘A gentleman does not deprive others of their relatives, and one should not deprive them of their relatives.’ Is this what it means?” Zixia said, “There is no need to avoid the funeral rites, is it not? Confucius said, "I heard Lao Dan say that Duke Boqin of Lu did it for a purpose. I don't know who is following the benefit of the three-year mourning period now!"
The Master said, “When the lower orders the higher, they do not follow what the higher orders, but what the higher does. If the higher likes something, the lower will certainly be more aggressive. Therefore, one must be careful about what the higher likes and dislikes, because it is the model of the people. ”The Master said, “Yu was in office for three years, and the people followed him with benevolence. Does that mean he must be completely benevolent? The Book of Songs says, ‘The great Master Yin, the people all look up to you.’ The Book of Fu Xing says, ‘One man has a blessing, and millions of people rely on him.’ The Daya says, ‘The king’s trust is the model of the lower land.’”The Master said, “When the higher likes benevolence, the lower will compete to be the first to be benevolent. Therefore, the ruler of the people should show his will, teach the truth, and respect benevolence, so that he can love the people; the people will act in accordance with their own behavior to please his superior. The Book of Songs says, ‘There are shackles and virtues, and the four countries will obey him.’”
This month is the beginning of summer. Three days before the beginning of summer, the historian visits the emperor and says: On a certain day, summer begins, and the great virtue is in fire. The emperor then gathers. On the day of the beginning of summer, the emperor personally leads the three dukes, nine ministers, and officials to welcome summer in the southern suburbs. When he returns, he rewards and enfeoffs the princes. The celebration and reward are carried out, and everyone is happy. Then he orders the musicians to practice the harmony of rituals and music. The emperor orders the Grand Commandant to praise the wise and talented, promote the virtuous and the grown-up, and to grant titles and salaries to those who are in their proper positions.
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