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Zeng Zi asked: "What should be done if there is a funeral? What comes first and what comes later?" Confucius said: "In the funeral, the light is first and then the heavy; the offering is first and then the light; it is a ritual. From the beginning to the funeral, there is no offering, and there is no mourning during the funeral; after the funeral, there is an offering, and then say goodbye to the funeral, and then do the funeral. The funeral is first heavy and then light, which is a ritual." Confucius said: "Even if the son of the clan is seventy, there is no one without a mistress; if he is not a son of the clan, it is okay even if he has no mistress."
When Wang Zhonglang was young, Jiang Fei was in charge of selecting Pushe and wanted to appoint him as Shangshulang. There is a king of words. The king said, "Since I came across the river, the Shangshu Lang has been recruiting the second person, why should he choose me?" Jiang stopped when he heard this. He said: "The Xuan Cao selected you to be the Shangshu Lang. Fortunately, you can serve as an assistant to the kings, right? ’” This shows that the Langguan is of a poor and simple rank.
After the emperor survived for two generations, he still respected the virtuous, but respected the virtuous for no more than two generations. The princes did not serve the public. Therefore, in ancient times, the public did not succeed the public. The king's south is the meaning of answering the sun. The minister's north is to answer the king. The minister of the officials does not bow his head, which is not to respect the family ministers, but to avoid the king. The officials do not bow their heads when they have offerings, and the king does not bow when he gives gifts, which is the king's answer to himself. When the villagers were offering sacrifices, Confucius stood in the east in court clothes to keep the spirit of the room. Confucius said: "Shooting is for music, how can you listen, how can you shoot? ”Confucius said: "When a scholar is ordered to shoot, if he cannot, he should excuse himself on the grounds of illness. This is the meaning of hanging the bow." Confucius said: "Three days to prepare, one day to use, still fear that it is disrespectful; two days to beat the drum, what is the point?" Confucius said: "The bow is drawn inside the storehouse gate, it is placed in the east, and it is placed in the west for market. It has been lost. ”
Chen Yi from Wu County was a very filial man. His mother liked to eat burnt rice at the bottom of the pot. He was left as a clerk in the county. He always carried a bag with him. Whenever he cooked, he would store the burnt rice in it and bring it back to give to his mother. Later, when the bandit Sun En escaped from Wu County, Yuan Fujun went to fight immediately. He left behind several buckets of burnt rice that he had collected, but before he could return home, he took it with him to join the army. Fought at Hudu and was defeated. The soldiers were defeated and fled to the mountains and swamps, where many died of starvation. Only the remaining soldiers survived by eating burnt rice. People at that time believed that it was the reward for filial piety.
Zeng Zi asked, “The ministers and officials will prepare the corpse for the Duke, and they will receive the funeral rites overnight, but there is mourning in the mourning clothes. What should we do?” Confucius said, “When the corpse is taken out, it should be kept in the palace to wait for the funeral. This is the etiquette.” Confucius said, “When the corpse is taken out with a hat and a crown, the ministers, officials, and scholars should all get out of the way. The corpse must be arranged in a proper manner and must be led in front.” Zixia asked, “Is it the etiquette that the mourning period of three years is over and there is no need to avoid the funeral rites? Was there a supervisor at the beginning?” Confucius said, “The three-year mourning period of the Xia Dynasty was over, and the funeral rites were held after the funeral. The Yin people held the funeral rites after the burial. The Records says, ‘A gentleman does not deprive others of their relatives, and one should not deprive them of their relatives.’ Is this what it means?” Zixia said, “There is no need to avoid the funeral rites, is it not? Confucius said, "I heard Lao Dan say that Duke Boqin of Lu did it for a purpose. I don't know who is following the benefit of the three-year mourning period now!"
Even if there are delicious dishes, if you don't eat them, you don't know their taste; even if there are the ultimate truth, if you don't learn it, you don't know its goodness. Therefore, only after learning can you know your shortcomings, and only after teaching can you know your difficulties. Knowing your shortcomings, you can reflect on yourself; knowing your difficulties, you can strengthen yourself. Therefore, it is said that teaching and learning complement each other. "The Book of Changes" says: "Learning is half done." Is this what it means!
When Su Jun arrived at Shitou, all the officials fled and only the attendant Zhong Ya stayed by the emperor's side. Someone said to Zhong, "Advance when you see an opportunity and retreat when you see difficulty. This is the ancient way. Your Majesty is bright and upright, so he will not be tolerated by the enemy. Why don't you take advantage of the situation instead of waiting for the consequences?" Zhong said, "I can't help the country when it is in chaos and I can't save the king when he is in danger. If we all retreat and try to save ourselves, I'm afraid Dong Hu will take the tablet and advance!"
"When I visited him, I found that it was Yi Shao, so I married my daughter to him.
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