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Living with the Ghost

The ritual vessels are therefore fully prepared. Full preparation means great virtue. The rituals are released and the quality is enhanced; they are placed correctly and carried out. In people, it is like the bamboo arrows with bamboo shoots; like the pine and cypress with heart. The two are the great points of the world. Therefore, they penetrate the four seasons without changing branches or leaves. Therefore, if a gentleman has rituals, he will be harmonious outside and have no resentment inside, so all things will be kind and the ghosts and gods will appreciate virtue. The ancient kings established rituals with roots and texts. Loyalty and trust are the roots of rituals; righteousness and reason are the texts of rituals. Without roots, there is no rightness; without texts, there is no practice. Rituals are in accordance with the time of the sky, set on the wealth of the land, in accordance with the ghosts and gods, in accordance with the human heart, and govern all things. Therefore, the time of the sky has life, the geography has suitability, the human organs have ability, and the things are curved and beneficial. Therefore, if Heaven does not produce and Earth does not nourish, the superior man will not make it a ritual, and the ghosts and gods will not be satisfied. If one lives in the mountains and treats fish and turtles as a ritual, and lives in the marshes and treats deer and pigs as a ritual, the superior man will say that he does not know the ritual. Therefore, it is necessary to raise the number of the state and make it the great principle of ritual and the great ethics of ritual. The width and narrowness of the land, the thickness of the ritual, and the ups and downs of the year. Therefore, even if there is a big killing in the year, the people will not be afraid. Then the superiors’ rituals are moderate. In ritual, time is the most important, followed by compliance, form, appropriateness, and praise. Yao passed the throne to Shun, Shun passed the throne to Yu; Tang exiled Jie, and King Wu defeated Zhou. It was time. The Book of Songs says: "Don't change it, just follow the filial piety." The sacrifices to heaven and earth, the affairs of the ancestral temple, the way of father and son, and the righteousness of the monarch and the minister are ethics. The affairs of the altar, mountains and rivers, and the sacrifices to ghosts and gods are the form. The use of funeral sacrifices and the relationship between guests are righteousness. When offering lambs and pigs as sacrifices, all officials are satisfied; when offering large sacrifices, there is no need to have more than enough. This is called "proportion". The princes regard tortoise shells as treasures and jade sceptres as auspicious. If a family does not treasure tortoise shells, store jade sceptres, or build gates, it means that it has "proportion". In rituals, there are those that value more: the emperor has seven temples, the princes have five, the officials have three, and the scholars have one. The emperor has twenty-six bowls, the dukes have sixteen, the princes have twelve, the senior officials have eight, and the junior officials have six. The princes have seven boxes and seven sacrifices, and the officials have five boxes and five sacrifices. The emperor has five layers of mats, the princes have three layers, and the officials have two layers. When the emperor dies, he is buried in the seventh month, with five layers and eight bamboos; the princes are buried in the fifth month, with three layers and six bamboos; the officials are buried in the third month, with two layers and four bamboos. This is that more is more. Some people value less: the emperor has no chariot; special sacrifices are used for offering sacrifices to heaven; when the emperor visits the princes, the princes use calves for meals; when the princes meet, they use yuchang (cooked rice wine) instead of lan (small bowls and rice bowls); the betrothal gifts for the officials are dried meat and salted meat; the emperor eats once, the princes twice, the officials and scholars three times, and the food is countless; the main roads have one tassel, the secondary roads have seven tassels; the jade scepter is special, the amber jade huang is special, and the ghost and god sacrifice is single. The princes attend the court, the officials are special, and the scholars are on a journey. This is what is valued for less. Some people value greater: the size of the palace, the size of the utensils, the thickness of the coffin, and the size of the mounds and fiefs. This is what is valued for greater. Some people value smaller: in the sacrifices to the ancestral temple, the noble offer jue, the humble offer san, the respected raise zhi, the humble raise jiao; the five offerings are dau, the outside of the door is gu, the inside of the door is hu, and the emperor's dau is wa yan. This is what is valued for smaller. Some people value height: the hall of the emperor is nine feet, that of the princes is seven feet, that of the great officials is five feet, and that of the scholars is three feet; the gates of the emperor and the princes are five feet. This is the value of height. Some people value lower things: the most respectful do not use the altar, but sweep the floor before offering sacrifices. The emperor and the princes do not use the taboos, while the great officials and scholars use the taboos. This is the value of lower things. Some people value ornaments: the emperor wears a dragon robe, the princes wear a red robe, the great officials wear a red robe, and the scholars wear black clothes and purple skirts; the emperor's crown has twelve tassels of red and green algae, the princes have nine, the senior officials have seven, the junior officials have five, and the scholars have three. This is the value of ornaments. Some people value plainness: the most respectful do not have ornaments, the father's party has no appearance, the great jade is not polished, the great soup is not harmonious, the great road is plain and the seats are crossed, the sacrificial vessels are covered with sparse cloth, and the ladle is made of cypress. This is the value of plainness. Confucius said: "Rituals must be reviewed." If the rituals are different, there will be no extravagance or killing. This is what I mean. It is a matter of praise. The reason why rituals value quantity is because of their external heart; virtue is promoted, all things are praised, and the great principles of things are broad. In this way, how can we not value quantity? Therefore, the gentleman is happy to be promoted. The reason why rituals value smallness is because of their internal heart. The production of virtue is subtle, and there is nothing that can be called virtue when observing the things of the emperor. In this way, how can we not value smallness? Therefore, the gentleman is cautious when he is alone. The ancient sages respected the inner and enjoyed the outer, and the few were precious and the many were beautiful. Therefore, the gentleman’s rituals should not be too much or too little, but only be called. Therefore, when a gentleman offers a large sacrifice, it is called a ritual; when a commoner offers a large sacrifice, it is called a robbery. Guan Zhong carved a red-rimmed gui and a mountain-sectioned algae-shaped gui, which the gentleman thought was excessive. Yan Pingzhong offered sacrifices to his ancestors, but did not cover the pig’s shoulder with a bean curd; he washed his clothes and washed his hat before going to court, which the gentleman thought was narrow. Therefore, the gentleman must be careful in performing the rituals; the crowd's discipline is broken and the crowd is in chaos. Confucius said: "If I fight, I will win; if I sacrifice, I will receive blessings." This is the way. The gentleman said: Sacrifice without prayer, without early waving, without music and grandeur, without good things, the sacrifice is not fat, and the offering is not beautiful and rich.

Son-in-law System

After Ji Zhongsan was executed, Xiang Ziqi reported the county to Luoyang. King Wen of the Zhou Dynasty invited him in and asked, "I heard that you have ambitions to go to Jishan. Why are you here?" Xiang Ziqi replied, "Chao and Xu are both arrogant and servile people. They are not worth admiring." The king was greatly impressed.

Xianhu Farm

The emperor makes a tour every five years: in the second month of each year, he goes to Mount Tai in the east to offer sacrifices to the mountains and rivers, and meets with the princes; he asks about those who have lived for a hundred years. He ordered the Grand Master to present poems to observe the customs of the people, and ordered the market to collect the money to observe what the people like and dislike, and whether they are lewd or rebellious. He ordered the ceremonial officials to examine the time and month, set the day, and standardize the law, and to correct the rituals, music, system, and clothing. If anyone does not raise the gods of mountains and rivers, he is disrespectful; if he is disrespectful, the king will reduce his land. If anyone does not obey the ancestral temple, he is unfilial; if he is unfilial, the king will reduce his title. If anyone changes the rituals and changes the music, he is disobedient; if he is disobedient, the king will exile him. If anyone changes the system and clothes, he is rebellious; if he is rebellious, the king will punish him. If someone has done good deeds for the people, he will be given land and improved the law. In the fifth month, the southern patrol guards will reach the southern mountain, just like the ritual of the eastern patrol guards. In the eighth month, the western patrol guards will reach the western mountain, just like the ritual of the southern patrol guards. In the eleventh month, the northern patrol guards will reach the northern mountain, just like the ritual of the western patrol guards. When returning, he will borrow from the ancestors and use special.

The Black Plum Blossom: The Cold King's Guilty Concubine

Holly Loves Bamboo

When there is a funeral, if you hear of the funeral of a distant brother, you must go even if you are in mourning; if you are not a brother, you will not go even if you are a neighbor. All the brothers who do not live together will pay their respects. The emperor's coffin has four layers; the water rhinoceros leather coffin is covered with it, which is three inches thick, one 杷 coffin, two 杷 coffins, and all four are round. The coffin is tied with two 杷 three, and each 衛 is tied with one. The coffin of the uncle is six feet long at the end.

Disguised as a Man: The Unpretentious Prince

The king later ordered the prime minister to bestow virtue on all the people. When a son serves his parents, he should wash his hands and rinse his mouth, comb his hair, put on his hairpin, brush his hair, put on his hairpin, and hold his hu. He should wear turbans on his left and right. On the left, he should wear a scarf, a knife, a whetstone, a small hairpin, and a gold flint. On the right, he should wear a ring, a guard, a pipe, a dagger, a large hairpin, and a wooden flint. He should wear a belt and a pair of shoes. A woman should serve her uncle and aunt as if she were serving her parents. When the cock crows, she should wash her hands and rinse her mouth, comb her hair, put on her hairpin, and wear a hairpin. On the left, one should wear a scarf, a knife, a whetstone, a small hairpin, and a gold flint. On the right, one should wear a veil, a tube, a thread, and a cotton yarn. One should also wear a veil, a large hairpin, a wooden hairpin, a collar tassel, and a pair of sandals. When going to visit parents, uncles, and aunts, one should be gentle and speak softly. Ask if the clothes are hot or cold, if there are any illnesses, pains, or itches, and then respectfully suppress and scratch them. When going in or out, one should go first or last, and respectfully support them. When washing, the younger one should hold the plate, and the older one should hold the water. Ask them to wash their hands. When washing is finished, give them a towel. Ask what they want and respectfully offer it. Use a gentle color to warm it. Eat wine, liquor, soup, beans, wheat, rice, millet, and sorghum as much as they want. Use dates, chestnuts, malt, and honey to sweeten it. Use violets, holly, hawthorn, elm, and dried mulberry to make it smooth. Use fats and ointments to make it smooth. Parents, uncles, and aunts must taste it before leaving. Men and women who have not yet reached the age of 15, when the cock first crows, all wash and rinse, comb their hair, brush their hair, put on their hairpins, wear collars and tassels, and all wear perfume. At dawn, they go to the court and ask what they have eaten and drunk. If they have eaten, they leave; if they have not eaten, they help the elders to check the food. In the house and outside, when the cock first crows, all wash and rinse, dress, gather pillows and mats, sweep the room and the courtyard, and spread the mats, each doing their own work. Children go to bed early and get up late, do whatever they want, and eat at any time. From the rank of a military officer and above, fathers and sons are separated from their own palaces. At dawn, they go to the court and show their kindness. At sunrise, they leave, and each does their own work. At sunset, they go to the court and show their kindness. When parents, uncles and aunts are about to sit, they offer the mats and ask where they are; when they are about to put on the lapel, the elders offer the mats and ask where they are. The younger ones hold the bed and sit with them. The driver holds the table, gathers the mats and mats, hangs the quilt and pillow, gathers the mats and covers them. The clothes, quilts, mats, pillows and tables of parents, uncles and aunts are not to be passed down. Only respectful canes and shoes are used. Do not dare to approach. Do not dare to use the cups and bowls unless they are made of glutinous rice. Do not dare to eat or drink with food that is not made of glutinous rice. When parents are alive, eat food every morning and evening. Sons and daughters-in-law help with food. After eating, eat food that is always made of glutinous rice. When the father is dead and the mother is alive, the children eat food. All sons and daughters-in-law help with food. The food is sweet, smooth and tender. The children eat it. When parents, uncles and aunts are in their place, you should only respond respectfully when they give you an order. When you move forward and backward, you should be careful and orderly. When you go up and down, go in and out, bow and walk. Do not burp, sneeze, cough, yawn, stretch, limp, lean, look, or spit. Do not be attacked by cold, and do not scratch when it itches. Do not expose your clothes without respect. Do not step on the ground or lift your head. Do not show the inside of your underwear. If parents spit and spit, do not see it. If the crown and belt are dirty, rinse them with ashes. If clothes are dirty, wash them with ashes. If clothes are torn, mend them. After five days, you should bathe in hot water. After three days, you should bathe. If your face is dirty, you should bathe in hot water. If your feet are dirty, you should bathe in hot water. The young should serve the elder, the humble should serve the noble, and they should share the same command. Men do not talk about the inside, and women do not talk about the outside. They do not pass on utensils to each other except for sacrifices and funerals. If they do, the woman should receive the basket. If there is no basket, they should sit down and lay it before taking it. The inside and outside do not share the same well, bath, sleep, or ask for leave. Men and women do not share clothes. People inside do not speak out, and people outside do not speak in. Men do not whistle or point when they enter the house. They should walk with a candle at night, and stop if there is no candle. Women should cover their faces when they go out. They should walk with a candle at night, and stop if there is no candle. Road: Men go from the right, and women go from the left. A son or daughter-in-law who is filial and respectful should not disobey or neglect the orders of his parents, uncles and aunts. If he is given food, even if he is not old, he must taste it and serve; if he is given clothes, even if he does not want to, he must wear them and serve; if he is given work, even if he does not want to, he should give it to him and let him do it, and then he should do it again. If a son or daughter-in-law is hardworking, even if he loves her very much, he should indulge her for the time being, and it is better to let her rest frequently. If a son or daughter-in-law is not filial or respectful, he should not be angry or complain, but teach her for the time being; if she is not teachable, then he should be angry with her; if he cannot be angry, he should let her go without showing courtesy. If parents make mistakes, he should be humble and pleasant, and remonstrate with a gentle voice. If the remonstrance is not accepted, he should show respect and filial piety, and if he is persuaded, he should remonstrate again; if he is not persuaded, he would rather remonstrate with others than offend the people in the village and state. If parents are angry and do not persuade, but beat them until they bleed, he should not be angry or complain, but show respect and filial piety. If parents have maids or concubines' sons or concubines' grandsons, he should love them very much, and respect them even after the parents die. If a man has two concubines, his parents love one and he loves the other. In terms of clothing, food, and service, he should not dare to look at the one his parents love, and this will not fade even after his parents die. If a man is very fond of his wife, his parents will not say so and he will leave; if a man is not fond of his wife, his parents will say, "She is doing good things for me." He will perform the husband-wife etiquette, and this will not fade even after his parents die.