Tong Yi Qing 427涓囧瓧 300510浜鸿杩 杩炶浇
銆娨姑ㄖ辈テ教ㄣ
In ancient times, teachers had private schools at home, schools in the community, and schools in the country. Students entered school at the same age and were examined in the middle of the year. In the first year, they were evaluated for their ability to distinguish between classics and aspirations; in the third year, they were evaluated for their dedication to work and their enjoyment of society; in the fifth year, they were evaluated for their extensive learning and their closeness to their teachers; in the seventh year, they were evaluated for their learning and their friendships. This was called small success; in the ninth year, they were evaluated for their ability to understand the categories and to be able to establish themselves firmly without turning back. This was called great success. Only then could they transform the people and change their customs, convince those who were close to them, and make those who were far away cherish their memory. This was the way of the university. The Records says, "The moths were taught from time to time." Is this what it means?
Zengzi asked, "When the eldest son of the clan is a scholar and the son of a concubine is a senior official, how should they perform the sacrifice?" Confucius said, "The above animals are offered at the home of the eldest son of the clan. The prayer is: 'The filial son so-and-so will recommend the Jie son so-and-so for his usual duties.' If the eldest son of the clan is guilty and lives in another country, and the son of a concubine is a senior official, the prayer is: 'The filial son so-and-so will ask the Jie son so-and-so to perform his usual duties.' The host does not tire of offering sacrifices, does not travel, does not borrow, does not appease the sacrifice, and does not match. He lays out offerings to the guests, and the guests offer but do not raise them, and do not return the meat. He says to the guests, 'My elder brother, younger brother, and eldest son of the clan are in another country, so I am leaving.'" Zengzi asked, "When the eldest son of the clan is away in another country, can the son of a concubine live without a title offer sacrifices?" Confucius said, "Yes!" Please ask, "How should they offer sacrifices?" Confucius said, "Build an altar in front of the tomb and offer sacrifices at the right time. If the eldest son of the clan dies, inform the tomb and then offer sacrifices at home. When the eldest son of the clan dies, he is called by name without mentioning filial piety, and his body is gone. Ziyou and his followers, who have concubines' sons, offer sacrifices in this way, as if it is righteousness. Today's sacrificers do not put their righteousness first, so they accuse the sacrifice. Zengzi asked: "Is there a corpse in the sacrifice? Is it also okay to offer sacrifices with abstentions?" Confucius said: "When offering sacrifices to the deceased, there must be a corpse, and the corpse must be a grandson. If the grandson is young, let someone hold it. If there is no grandson, it is okay to take someone of the same surname. Offering sacrifices to the deceased must be with abstentions, which means it is not successful. Offering sacrifices to the deceased but without a corpse is a sacrifice of the deceased." Confucius said: "There are Yin abstentions and Yang abstentions." Zengzi asked: "The deceased is not offered sacrifices with abstentions, what is Yin abstentions and Yang abstentions?" Confucius said: "The eldest son dies because of the deceased, and the concubine's son does not become his successor. The auspicious sacrifices are special sacrifices. When offering sacrifices to the deceased, there is no offering of sacrifices, no shavings, no dark wine, and no announcement of the benefits. This is called Yin abstentions. In case of death and death, and those who have no descendants, sacrifices are offered at the home of the eldest son of the clan, with the white of the room in the east room as the sacrifice. This is called Yangyan.
The Duke was granted the title of Yingqiu, and after five generations, they were all buried in Zhou. A gentleman said: "Enjoy what you have been born from, and do not forget your roots. An ancient person said: The fox dies at the head of a hill. This is benevolence."
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