Dongmenaixiang 511涓囧瓧 837748浜鸿杩 杩炶浇
銆娭形淖帜皇只谙呖雌豢ㄣ
The dukes have wives, wives, wives, and concubines. The lady calls herself the old woman to the emperor; she calls herself the widowed young monarch to the princes; she calls herself the little boy to her monarch. From the wives below, they call themselves the maid. The son calls himself the name to his parents.
General Wang said of the Grand Commandant: "He is like a pearl among the crowd, among the tiles and stones."
Wang Youjun and Xie Gong went to see Ruan Gong. When they reached the door, they said to Xie: "So we should jointly recommend the master." Xie said: "It is difficult to recommend the master."
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鏈鏂扮珷鑺傦細鍦e北浼犳壙锛2025-03-19锛
鏇存柊鏃堕棿锛2025-03-19
When Ji Sun's mother died, Duke Ai went to offer condolences. Zengzi and Zigong went to offer condolences. The gatekeeper did not let them in because the king was present. Zengzi and Zigong went into the stable and dressed up. Zigong went in first, and the gatekeeper said, "The governor has already told us." Zengzi went in later, and the gatekeeper let him in. When they went inside, the nobles and officials all left their seats, and the Duke lowered his rank and bowed to them. The gentleman said, "If you use all your skills, you will go far." When Jiefu of Yangmen died, the city manager Zihan went in and cried. The Jin people who spied on Song reported back to the Duke of Jin, saying, "Jiefu of Yangmen died, and Zihan wept bitterly, and the people were pleased. It is unlikely that he should be attacked." Confucius heard about it and said, "How good is the spying on the country! The Book of Songs says, 'When the people are in mourning, they should be supported and clothed.' Although it is only a small country like Jin, who in the world can do it?"
Zhang Xuan and Wang Jianwu did not know each other at first, but later they met at Fan Yuzhang's request, and Fan asked them to talk. Zhang Yin was sitting upright with his clothes folded in front of him. Wang Shu looked at him for a long time but could not make any comment. Zhang was greatly disappointed and left. Fan tried to persuade him to stay, but he refused to stay. Fan was Wang's uncle, so he said to Wang: "Zhang Xuan is the most outstanding scholar in Wu. He was also well-known at the time. But he was brought to this point. It is beyond comprehension." Wang laughed and said: "If Zhang Zuxi wants to make his acquaintance, he should come to see him." Fan rushed to inform Zhang, who then packed his belt and went to see him. Then they raised their cups and talked to each other, neither the host nor the guest looked ashamed.
Confucius said: "How sad! I see the way of Zhou, and You and Li hurt it. Why should I leave Lu? Lu's suburban sacrifice is not rite, and Zhou Gong is in decline! Qi's suburban sacrifice is Yu's, and Song's suburban sacrifice is Qi's. This is the emperor's duty. Therefore, the emperor sacrifices to heaven and earth, and the princes sacrifice to the gods and grain." Zhu and Ku dare not change the old customs, which is called Dahuan. The words of the Zhugu are hidden in the ancestral priests and the shamans. This is not rite, and this is called the seclusion of the state. The wine cups and the corpses of the monarch are not rite, and this is called usurping the monarch. The crowns, hats, and weapons are hidden in private homes. This is not rite, and this is called threatening the monarch. The officials are in their official positions, but the sacrificial utensils are not used, and the music is all prepared. This is not rite, and this is called disordering the state. Therefore, those who serve the duke are called ministers, and those who serve the family are called servants. During the three-year mourning period, those who are married to the new bride are not allowed to serve for a period of time. Wearing mourning clothes to enter the court and living with the family servants is not rite, and this is called the monarch and the ministers are in the same country. Therefore, the emperor has land to live with his descendants, the princes have countries to live with their descendants, and the officials have jade to live with their descendants. This is called the system. Therefore, when the emperor visits the princes, he must leave the ancestral court and not enter according to the rites. This is called the emperor breaking the law and disordering the rules. The princes enter the ministers' houses without visiting the illness or condolences. This is called the monarch and the ministers are joking. Therefore, ritual is the great power of the ruler. It is used to distinguish between the obvious and the subtle, to consult ghosts and gods, to examine the system, to distinguish between benevolence and righteousness, so as to govern the country and keep the ruler safe. Therefore, if the government is not right, the ruler's position will be in danger; if the ruler's position is in danger, the ministers will betray him and the minor officials will steal. If the punishment is strict and the customs are corrupt, the law will be inconsistent; if the law is inconsistent, the ritual will be out of order; if the ritual is out of order, the scholars will not serve him. If the punishment is strict and the customs are corrupt, the people will not return to him, which is called a flaw in the country. Therefore, the government is the way for the ruler to hide himself. Therefore, the government must be based on heaven, and the destiny is sent down from heaven. Descending from the gods to the community is called the earth, descending from the ancestral temple is called benevolence and righteousness, descending from the mountains and rivers is called the creation, and descending from the five sacrifices is called the system. This is the solidity of the sage's self-concealment. Therefore, the sage participates in heaven and earth and in ghosts and gods to govern the country. To let people live in what they should be is the order of ritual; to enjoy what they should enjoy is the governance of the people. Therefore, the sky creates the time and the earth creates wealth; the father of a man is born and the teacher teaches him: the four things, the ruler uses them correctly, so the ruler stands in a place where there is no fault. Therefore, the ruler is what he should know, not what he should know people. The ruler is what he should raise, not what he should raise people. The ruler is what he should serve, not what he should serve people. Therefore, if the ruler knows people, he will make mistakes; if he raises people, he will be insufficient; if he serves people, he will lose his position. Therefore, the people should govern themselves, raise the ruler to make themselves safe, and serve the ruler to make themselves famous. Therefore, the rites are well-developed and the divisions are determined. Everyone loves death and worries about life. Therefore, use people's knowledge to get rid of their deceit, use people's courage to get rid of their anger, and use people's kindness to get rid of their greed. Therefore, when the country is in trouble, the ruler's death for the country is called righteousness, and the death of the ministers for the ancestral temple is called change. Therefore, the sage who treats the world as one family and China as one person is not just intentional, but must know the situation, avoid the righteousness, understand the benefits, and understand the dangers, and then he can do it. What is human nature? The seven emotions of joy, anger, sorrow, fear, love, hate, and desire are acquired without learning. What is human righteousness? The ten emotions of fatherly kindness, filial piety of son, goodness of elder brother, obedience of younger brother, righteousness of husband, obedience of wife, kindness of elder brother, obedience of younger brother, benevolence of ruler, and loyalty of minister are called human righteousness. To be trustworthy and harmonious is called human benefit. To fight and kill is called human trouble. Therefore, the sage governs the seven emotions of man and cultivates the ten righteousness, to be trustworthy and harmonious, to respect courtesy and give way, and to get rid of fighting. How can we govern without propriety? Food, sex, and love are the greatest desires of man; death, poverty, and misery are the greatest evils of man. Therefore, desire and evil are the great ends of the heart. Man hides his heart and cannot be measured; beauty and ugliness are in his heart and cannot be seen. If we want to understand them all, how can we do without propriety? Therefore, man is the virtue of heaven and earth, the interaction of yin and yang, the meeting of ghosts and gods, and the elegance of the five elements. Therefore, the sky holds the sun and hangs the sun and stars; the earth holds the yin and penetrates the mountains and rivers. The five elements are spread in the four seasons, and the moon is born after harmony. Therefore, three and five are full, and three and five are empty. The movement of the five elements is to exhaust each other. The five elements, four seasons, and twelve months are the basis of each other; the five sounds, six rhythms, and twelve pipes are the palaces of each other; the five flavors, six harmonies, and twelve foods are the essence of each other; the five colors, six chapters, and twelve clothes are the essence of each other. Therefore, people are the heart of heaven and earth, the beginning of the five elements, and they are born by eating, taste, sound, and color. Therefore, when a sage sets an example, he must take heaven and earth as the basis, yin and yang as the beginning, the four seasons as the handle, the sun and stars as the record, the moon as the measure, ghosts and gods as the followers, the five elements as the essence, etiquette and righteousness as the tool, human feelings as the field, and the four spirits as the livestock. With heaven and earth as the basis, things can be lifted; with yin and yang as the ends, feelings can be seen; with the four seasons as the handle, stories can be used to persuade; with the sun and stars as the record, stories can be listed; with the moon as the measure, achievements have skills; with ghosts and gods as the followers, stories have rules; with the five elements as the essence, stories can be repeated; with rites and righteousness as the tools, stories have examinations; with human nature as the field, people think it is profound; with the four spirits as livestock, food and drink have rules.
Wang Taiwei said: "Guo Zixuan's words and opinions are like flowing water, which never runs dry."
The sons of commoners who are in the royal family should be taught to be filial and respectful, friendly and loving, and to make clear the righteousness between father and son and the order of elders and juniors. When they go to the royal court, they should face east and go north; if they are ministers of high rank, they should be ranked according to their seniority. When they are in the outer court, they should be appointed by officials and officials. When they are in the ancestral temple, they should be in the same position as the outer court. The clan members should be given posts by titles and officials. When they are offered titles by offering sacrifices, they should be heirs. The sons of commoners should be in charge, and even if they have three orders, they should not exceed their fathers and elder brothers. When the royal family attends important events, they should be ranked according to the fineness and coarseness of their mourning clothes. Even when the royal family attends funerals, they should be ranked according to the host. If the royal family and their clansmen have a banquet, people of different surnames should be guests, and the chef should be the host. The royal family should be ranked according to their fathers and elder brothers. The clansmen should be one level lower. When they are in the army, they should guard the royal temple. If a duke has a policy of going out of the border, the concubines and the idle dukes shall guard the duke's palace, the wife shall guard the great temple, the fathers shall guard the noble palace and noble rooms, and the sons and grandsons shall guard the lower palace and lower rooms. The grandsons of the five temples, as long as the ancestral temple is not destroyed, even if they are commoners, must inform when they come of age and marry; they must go to the funeral when the deceased dies; they must inform when the auspicious ceremony is held. The clansmen shall be punished for whether they should offer condolences or not, or whether they should be exempted or not. As for the funeral gifts and inheritance, they shall all be regulated. If there is a capital crime in the duke's family, they shall be beheaded by the people of the Dian. If there is a criminal crime, they shall be fined and also informed by the people of the Dian. There is no castration or punishment in the duke's family. After the case is concluded, the officials shall report it to the duke. If it is a capital crime, they shall say "so-and-so's crime is a capital crime"; if it is a criminal crime, they shall say "so-and-so's crime is a minor crime". The Duke said, "Pardon him." The official said again, "He is in prison." The Duke said again, "Pardon him." The official said again, "He is in prison." After the third pardon, he refused to respond and ran away, and the people of Yudian were punished. The Duke sent people to chase him again, saying, "Even if it is, I will pardon him." The official said, "It is too late!" He returned the order to the Duke, who did not raise his plain clothes, but changed them, just like the mourning of his relatives. Without mourning clothes, he cried for him personally. The Duke's clan members attend the inner court, which is the family kinship. Although there are nobles, they are treated according to their seniority, which is to distinguish between father and son. The outer court is treated according to official positions, which is to distinguish between different surnames. In the ancestral temple, the position is based on the title, which is to honor virtue. The clan members are given official positions, which is to honor the virtuous. The successor who ascends the throne and receives the title is the way to honor the ancestors. The mourning rules are based on the severity of the mourning clothes, and do not deprive people of their relatives. When the Duke and his clansmen feast, they are based on seniority, and the way of filial piety and brotherhood is achieved. The food of his clansmen is reduced by one level for generations, which is to kill the relatives. In war, they defend the Duke's temple, which is to show the depth of filial piety and love. The wife of the first wife guards the great temple and honors the clan, and the way of the ruler and the minister is clear. The fathers and brothers guard the noble house, and the sons and nephews guard the lower house, and the way of yielding is reached. The grandchildren of the five temples, the ancestral temple is not destroyed, even if it is a commoner, when they come of age, they must inform their parents when they marry, and they must go to the death, so as not to forget their relatives. If the relatives are not severed, but they are ranked among the common people, they are lowly and incompetent. Respectfully mourning, attending and offering gifts are the way to make friends. In ancient times, when the sons of the common people were in power, the country had a relationship; when the country had a relationship, the people were well-off. The crimes of the royal family, even if they were relatives, were not punished by the officials. This is the correct method, so as to understand the people. Punishing those who hide their lives is not to worry about their brothers with the people. Not mourning, not mourning, crying in the temple of a different surname is to disgrace the ancestors and distance themselves. Wearing plain clothes and living outside, not listening to music, and mourning privately are to ensure that the relationship between flesh and blood is not severed. The royal family does not have castration, nor does it cut off its kind. The emperor inspects the school and sounds the drums at the beginning of the day to warn the people. After the people arrive, the Son of Heaven arrives. Then he orders the officials to act. He starts the ritual and offers sacrifices to the ancestors and sages. When the officials finish their work, they return the order. The beginning of care is to go to the East Sequence, offer sacrifices to the ancestors, and then set up seats for the three elders and five watches for the elders. When the food is good and the wine is good, the treasures for the elderly are ready; then they start to sing, and retreat to cultivate filial piety. When they return, they go up to the Qing Temple and sing, and after singing, they speak to complete it. They talk about the way of father and son, monarch and minister, and the old and the young, and combine the meaning of virtue and music, which is the greatest ritual. They play the "Xiang" and dance the "Da Wu". They unite the people to do things, reach the gods, and promote virtue. They correct the positions of the monarch and ministers, and the ranks of the noble and the humble, and the righteousness of the upper and lower levels is carried out. The officials report the end of the music, and the king orders the dukes, marquises, earls, sons, and men and all the officials to say, "Return! Take care of the elderly and the young in the East Sequence." It ends with benevolence. Therefore, when the sages recorded events, they considered them with great consideration, loved them with respect, carried them out with courtesy, cultivated them with filial piety, recorded them with righteousness, and ended them with benevolence. Therefore, when the ancients did something, everyone knew their virtues. The ancient gentlemen, when they did something big, must be careful about the beginning and the end, so how could everyone not understand it? "The Book of Changes" says: "Thinking about the beginning and the end is a discipline in learning."
The gentleman said: Rituals and music cannot be separated from the body for a moment. Use music to regulate the mind, and the heart of Yi Zhi Zi Liang will arise naturally. The heart of Yi Zhi Zi Liang arises, then happiness, happiness, peace, longevity, longevity, heaven, heaven, God. Heaven is trustworthy without words, and God is majestic without anger. It is the way to regulate the heart with music. To regulate the body with propriety is to be solemn and respectful, and solemn and respectful is to be stern and majestic. If the heart is not harmonious and happy for a moment, then the heart of contempt and deceit will enter it. If the appearance is not solemn and respectful for a moment, then the heart of arrogance will enter it. Therefore, music is what moves the heart; propriety is what moves the outside. When music is extremely harmonious and propriety is extremely smooth, when the inside is harmonious and the outside is smooth, then the people will look at their faces and not argue with them; when they look at their appearance, the people will not be arrogance. Therefore, when virtue moves inwardly, the people will all listen to it; when reason is expressed in the outside, the people will all obey it. Therefore, it is said: To promote the way of propriety and music, to raise and arrange them, there will be no difficulty in the world. Music is what moves the heart; propriety is what moves the outside. Therefore, propriety is the main thing to reduce, and music is the main thing to increase. When propriety is reduced, it will advance, and it will be cultured by advancing; when music is full, it will return, and it will be cultured by returning. If rituals are reduced but not improved, they will be lost; if music is full but not restored, it will be lost; therefore, rituals have rewards and music has replies. If rituals are rewarded, then there will be joy; if music is restored, then there will be peace; the rewards of rituals and the replies of music are the same. Music is joy, which is something that human nature cannot avoid. Music must be expressed in sound and manifested in movement and stillness. This is the way of man. Sound, movement and stillness, the changes of nature and skills, are all here. Therefore, people cannot stand without music, and music cannot stand without form. If it is manifested but not in the way, it cannot stand without chaos. The ancient kings were ashamed of chaos, so they created the sounds of Ya and Song to guide them, so that their sounds were enough to make people happy but not flowing, their texts were enough to discuss but not stop, and their rhythms were enough to move people's good hearts. Not to let the mind be disturbed and evil spirits come in contact, this is the way the ancient kings established music. Therefore, in the ancestral temple, when the ruler and his subjects listen to music together, everyone will be harmonious and respectful; in the clan leaders and the village, when the elders and the young listen to music together, everyone will be harmonious and obedient; in the inner chambers, when fathers and sons and brothers listen to music together, everyone will be harmonious and close. Therefore, music is to determine harmony by examining one thing, to embellish rhythm by comparing things; to form a text by combining rhythm. This is how the fathers and sons, rulers and subjects are united, and the people are close. This is the way the ancient kings established music. Therefore, listening to the sounds of Ya and Song, one's mind will be broadened; holding the halberd and the shield, practicing the bending and stretching, one's appearance will be dignified; performing the omens and grasping the rhythm, the ranks will be straight, and the advance and retreat will be orderly. Therefore, music is the will of heaven and earth, the discipline of harmony, and human nature cannot avoid it. Music is how the ancient kings embellished their joy, and the military halberds were how the ancient kings embellished their anger. Therefore, the joy and anger of the ancient kings were all in harmony. When they were happy, the world was in harmony, and when they were angry, violent and rebellious people were afraid. The way of the ancient kings was full of rituals and music.
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