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Zixia said: "The parents of the people have been heard, and I dare to ask what the 'five ultimates' are?" Confucius said: "Where the will reaches, poetry also reaches. Where poetry reaches, ritual also reaches. Where ritual reaches, music also reaches. Where music reaches, sorrow also reaches. Sorrow and joy are born from each other. Therefore, if you look at it with your eyes straight, you can't see it; if you listen to it with your ears attentively, you can't hear it; the will fills the heaven and the earth, this is called the five ultimates. ”
Someone cried and said to Chang Yu: "It's as if a thousand-foot pine tree collapsed."
The ruler rolls up his crown and stands on the east side, while his wife stands in the room with a double-breasted robe. The ruler bares his body to welcome the sacrificial animal at the door; his wife offers a bean basket. The ministers and the great officials praise the king, and the women of the court praise the wives: each of them promotes his duties. When all officials are dismissed from their duties and serve severe punishments, the whole country will be greatly subdued. Therefore, the summer sacrifice, autumn tasting, winter sacrifice, spring festival, autumn review and the big wax are the emperor's sacrifices.
In mourning for parents, one wears a mourning hat with a tassel and straw sandals, eats porridge for three days, bathes for three months, wears a silk hat after thirteen months, and auspiciousness comes after three years. By comparing these three festivals, the benevolent can observe their love, the wise can observe their reason, and the strong can observe their will. Govern with propriety, correct with righteousness, and filial sons, younger brothers, and chaste wives can all be observed.
The way of heaven is the highest teaching, and the sage is the highest virtue. Above the temple hall, the Lei Zun is in the east, and the Xi Zun is in the west. Below the temple hall, the Xian Gu is in the west, and the Ying Gu is in the east. The king is in the east, and the lady is in the room. The sun is born in the east, and the moon is born in the west. This is the division of yin and yang, and the position of husband and wife. The king drinks from the Xi Xiang in the west, and the lady drinks from the Lei Zun in the east. The interaction of rituals moves above, and the interaction of music responds to below, which is the ultimate harmony. Rituals are to reflect what they are born from; music is to enjoy what they are made from. Therefore, the ancient kings established rituals to regulate affairs and cultivate music to guide their will. Therefore, by observing their rituals and music, we can know whether they are in order or not. Qu Boyu said: "A gentleman is a man of great ability, so by observing his utensils, we can know his skill; by observing his hair, we can know his wisdom." Therefore, it is said: "A gentleman is careful about what he gives to others."
Xuanwu gathered various famous places to lecture on the Book of Changes, explaining one hexagram every day. Jianwen wanted to listen, but turned back after hearing this. He said: "The meaning should be difficult or easy, so is it limited to one hexagram?"
Therefore, the rite of audience is to clarify the righteousness between the monarch and the ministers. The rite of marriage is to make the princes respect each other. The rite of funeral and sacrifice is to clarify the grace of the ministers. The rite of drinking in the village is to clarify the order of the elders and the young. The rite of marriage is to clarify the difference between men and women. Rites are the source of restraint and chaos, just like the source of water in the village. Therefore, those who destroy the old temple because they think it is useless will surely be destroyed by water; those who destroy the old ritual because they think it is useless will surely be destroyed by water.
Zixia asked Confucius, "What should I do if I am the enemy of my parents?" Confucius said, "Sleep on straw and use dry wood as pillow, do not serve in the government, and do not share the world with them; if you meet them in the market, do not fight with them." He said, "What should I do if I am the enemy of my brothers?" Confucius said, "Serve in the government and do not share the country with them; if I am sent by the king, I will not fight with them even if I meet them." He said, "What should I do if I am the enemy of my uncle and brothers?" Confucius said, "If I am not the leader, if the host is capable, I will hold the weapon and accompany them behind."
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