道德伦理之乱轮故事

But you can't let me down

Ai Gong asked about politics. Confucius said: "The civil and military policies are laid out in the plan. When the man is alive, the policy is carried out; when the man is dead, the policy ceases. The way of man is sensitive to the policy, and the way of the earth is sensitive to the tree. The policy is like the reed. Therefore, the policy is in the people. Choose the people by their character, cultivate the character by the way, and cultivate the way by benevolence. Benevolence is the people. To love one's relatives is the greatest; righteousness is appropriateness. To respect the virtuous is the greatest. To love one's relatives and to respect the virtuous is the result of propriety. If the lower position does not get the upper position, the people cannot be governed! Therefore, the gentleman cannot fail to cultivate himself; if he wants to cultivate himself, he cannot fail to serve his parents; if he wants to serve his parents, he cannot know people; if he wants to know people, he cannot know Heaven. There are five great ways in the world, and three ways to carry them out. They are: ruler and minister, father and son, husband and wife, brothers, and friends. These five are the great ways in the world. Knowledge, benevolence, and courage are the three great virtues in the world, and one way to carry them out. Some people are born with To know, one may learn and then know, or one may learn through hardship, but knowing is the same. One may act when comfortable, or act for profit, or act reluctantly, but success is the same. Confucius said, "To love learning is near to knowledge, to exert oneself to act is near to benevolence, and to know shame is near to courage. Knowing these three, one will know how to cultivate oneself; knowing how to cultivate oneself, one will know how to govern others; knowing how to govern others, one will know how to govern the empire and the state. There are nine classics for governing the empire and the state: cultivating oneself, respecting the virtuous, loving one's relatives, respecting ministers, and being considerate of ministers. Treating the common people with kindness, attracting all kinds of craftsmen, being gentle with distant people, and winning over the princes. If one cultivates oneself, the Way will stand; if one respects the virtuous, one will not be confused; if one loves one's relatives, one's elder brothers will not complain; if one respects ministers, one will not be dazzled; if one is considerate of ministers, the scholars will repay him with great courtesy; if one treats the common people with kindness, the people will encourage him; if one attracts all kinds of craftsmen, one will have sufficient financial resources; if one is gentle with distant people, the four directions will come to him; if one wins over the princes, the world will fear him. . Dress in good clothes and do not move without propriety. This is to cultivate oneself; get rid of slander and stay away from beauty, despise goods and value virtue, this is to encourage the virtuous; respect their positions, give them high salaries, share their likes and dislikes, this is to encourage relatives; give officials high positions and assign them important tasks, this is to encourage ministers; be loyal and trustworthy and give them high salaries, this is to encourage scholars; impose light taxes in due time, this is to encourage the people; review the officials daily and examine them monthly, and after the food is in accordance with the work, this is to encourage all craftsmen; send off and welcome back, praise the good and sympathize with the incompetent, this is to appease the distant people; continue the extinct, raise the abandoned countries, and govern the chaos and hold the danger. Court visits are timely, and the visits are generous and the visits are light, this is to win over the princes. There are nine classics for governing the country and the world, and the reason for carrying them out is the same. Everything is established if it is planned in advance, and it will be abolished if it is not planned in advance. If you plan before you speak, you will not stumble; if you plan before you act, you will not be in trouble; if you plan before you act, you will not be guilty; if you plan before you act, you will not be poor. If you do not get the support of your superiors, you cannot govern the people. If you get the support of your superiors, you will not be able to trust your friends. Friends, if you don't get the upper hand, you will not be able to trust your friends; if you are obedient to your relatives, you will not be able to trust your friends; if you are obedient to your relatives, you will not be honest to yourself, you will not be obedient to your relatives; if you are honest to yourself, you will not understand what is good, you will not be honest to yourself. Sincerity is the way of heaven; sincerity is the way of man. Sincerity is not trying to hit the mark, not thinking and getting it, and calmly following the middle way is a sage. Sincerity is the one who chooses the good and sticks to it. Learn widely, ask carefully, think carefully, distinguish clearly, and practice diligently. If you don't learn, you can't learn it, so don't give up; if you don't ask, you can't know it, so don't give up; if you don't think, you can't get it, so don't give up; if you don't distinguish, you can't distinguish clearly, so don't give up; if you don't practice, you can't practice it diligently. If a person can do one thing, he can do a hundred times more; if a person can do ten things, he can do a thousand times more. If you can really do this, you will be wise even if you are stupid, and strong even if you are weak. "Sincerity is called nature. Sincerity is called education. Sincerity leads to clarity, and clarity leads to sincerity.

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The remaining fish are not sacrificed. A father does not sacrifice to his son, and a husband does not sacrifice to his wife. The emperor treats the elders with respect, and he will not refuse even if he is asked to sit with them occasionally. If the soup contains vegetables, use a spoon; if it does not contain vegetables, do not use a spoon.

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When mourning clothes are worn, the crying is like going out but not turning back; the crying of mourning clothes is like going out and turning back; the crying of mourning clothes for the great merit is three bends and then folded; the mourning clothes for the small merit and the mourning clothes are acceptable. This is the expression of sorrow in the voice.

Only food and love can not be let down

Morality, benevolence and righteousness cannot be achieved without propriety, and teaching and correcting customs cannot be achieved without propriety. When resolving disputes, do not make the decision without proper etiquette. The relationship between the ruler and his subjects, father and son, and brothers cannot be determined without propriety. When an official studies or serves a teacher, he should not be close to him without proper etiquette. When Ban Chao governs the army and takes office to enforce the law, he must act with propriety and dignity. Praying to temples and offering sacrifices to ghosts and gods are not polite, sincere or solemn. Therefore, a gentleman is respectful, frugal, and yielding in order to show courtesy. Parrots can speak, but they are still birds; orangutans can speak, but they are still animals. People nowadays are rude, even if they can speak, don’t they have the heart of beasts? Only animals are so undisciplined that fathers and sons live together. Therefore, the sages created rituals to teach people. Teach people to be polite and know how to distinguish themselves from animals.

Those years of struggle

The sacrifice of You Yu clan valued the use of Qi; bloody and burning sacrifices use Qi. The Yin people valued sound, and before the smell is formed, they cleansed the sound; after three pieces of music, they went out to welcome the sacrifice. The sound is used to announce between heaven and earth. The Zhou people valued smell, and used chang to pour the smell, and yu combined chang; the smell, yin reaches the deep spring. Pour it with guizhang, using jade Qi. After pouring, then welcome the sacrifice, which brings in the Yin Qi. Xiao combined millet and sorghum; the smell, yang reaches the wall and the house. Therefore, after the offering, then burn Xiao and tanxiang. In all sacrifices, be careful of these. The soul and Qi return to the sky, and the body and spirit return to the earth. Therefore, sacrifice is to seek the meaning of Yin and Yang. The Yin people first sought the yang, while the Zhou people first sought the yin. The emperor ordered the prayer in the room, the corpse was seated in the hall, the sacrifice was used in the courtyard, and the head was raised in the room. When offering a direct sacrifice, the prayer was made to the master; when offering a request, the prayer was made to the 祊. I don’t know where the gods are, is it there? Is it here? Or is it to people far away? When offering sacrifices to the 祊, do you still say that you seek from people far away? 祊 means 逞, and 肵 means respect. Fu is good fortune, and 首 is straight. 相 means to feast. 嘏 means long and big. 尸 means to display. Hair and blood are to report the complete things in the dark. Those who report the complete things in the dark value the pure way. Blood sacrifice is to enrich the qi. Sacrifice the lungs, liver, and heart to value the qi master. Sacrifice millet and add lungs, sacrifice Qi and add clear water to report to the yin. Take the 膟菓 and burn it, raise the head to report to the yang. Clear water and Qi are to value newness.凡涚, which means new. It is called clear water, because the host has cleaned this water. The lord bowed twice, knelt down, and cut his flesh with his own body, which shows the utmost respect. The utmost respect is to show respect. Bowing means to show respect; knelt down means to show respect; and bare-chested means to show respect to the utmost. In offering sacrifices, the filial grandson and filial son are called by their righteousness; the great-grandson is called the state. In offering sacrifices, the host should show his respect and do his best, without yielding. Sacrificing with fishy and scorched meat, how can he know what the gods are eating? The host should show his respect to the utmost. He raised the jiao of the jar and ordered the corpse to be properly prepared. In ancient times, the corpse stood when there was nothing to do, and sat down when there was something to do. The corpse is the image of the god. Zhu means to give orders. The cup is made of straw, which means to make it clear. The wine is made to be clear, and the juice is offered to be made to be clear. It is like making the wine clear and the wine is made to be clear. There are prayers, responses, and excuses in sacrifice. The mystery of Qi is to think deeply in the dark. Therefore, a gentleman must see the one he is sacrificing for three days.