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Ai Gong asked about politics. Confucius said: "The civil and military policies are laid out in the plan. When the man is alive, the policy is carried out; when the man is dead, the policy ceases. The way of man is sensitive to the policy, and the way of the earth is sensitive to the tree. The policy is like the reed. Therefore, the policy is in the people. Choose the people by their character, cultivate the character by the way, and cultivate the way by benevolence. Benevolence is the people. To love one's relatives is the greatest; righteousness is appropriateness. To respect the virtuous is the greatest. To love one's relatives and to respect the virtuous is the result of propriety. If the lower position does not get the upper position, the people cannot be governed! Therefore, the gentleman cannot fail to cultivate himself; if he wants to cultivate himself, he cannot fail to serve his parents; if he wants to serve his parents, he cannot know people; if he wants to know people, he cannot know Heaven. There are five great ways in the world, and three ways to carry them out. They are: ruler and minister, father and son, husband and wife, brothers, and friends. These five are the great ways in the world. Knowledge, benevolence, and courage are the three great virtues in the world, and one way to carry them out. Some people are born with To know, one may learn and then know, or one may learn through hardship, but knowing is the same. One may act when comfortable, or act for profit, or act reluctantly, but success is the same. Confucius said, "To love learning is near to knowledge, to exert oneself to act is near to benevolence, and to know shame is near to courage. Knowing these three, one will know how to cultivate oneself; knowing how to cultivate oneself, one will know how to govern others; knowing how to govern others, one will know how to govern the empire and the state. There are nine classics for governing the empire and the state: cultivating oneself, respecting the virtuous, loving one's relatives, respecting ministers, and being considerate of ministers. Treating the common people with kindness, attracting all kinds of craftsmen, being gentle with distant people, and winning over the princes. If one cultivates oneself, the Way will stand; if one respects the virtuous, one will not be confused; if one loves one's relatives, one's elder brothers will not complain; if one respects ministers, one will not be dazzled; if one is considerate of ministers, the scholars will repay him with great courtesy; if one treats the common people with kindness, the people will encourage him; if one attracts all kinds of craftsmen, one will have sufficient financial resources; if one is gentle with distant people, the four directions will come to him; if one wins over the princes, the world will fear him. . Dress in good clothes and do not move without propriety. This is to cultivate oneself; get rid of slander and stay away from beauty, despise goods and value virtue, this is to encourage the virtuous; respect their positions, give them high salaries, share their likes and dislikes, this is to encourage relatives; give officials high positions and assign them important tasks, this is to encourage ministers; be loyal and trustworthy and give them high salaries, this is to encourage scholars; impose light taxes in due time, this is to encourage the people; review the officials daily and examine them monthly, and after the food is in accordance with the work, this is to encourage all craftsmen; send off and welcome back, praise the good and sympathize with the incompetent, this is to appease the distant people; continue the extinct, raise the abandoned countries, and govern the chaos and hold the danger. Court visits are timely, and the visits are generous and the visits are light, this is to win over the princes. There are nine classics for governing the country and the world, and the reason for carrying them out is the same. Everything is established if it is planned in advance, and it will be abolished if it is not planned in advance. If you plan before you speak, you will not stumble; if you plan before you act, you will not be in trouble; if you plan before you act, you will not be guilty; if you plan before you act, you will not be poor. If you do not get the support of your superiors, you cannot govern the people. If you get the support of your superiors, you will not be able to trust your friends. Friends, if you don't get the upper hand, you will not be able to trust your friends; if you are obedient to your relatives, you will not be able to trust your friends; if you are obedient to your relatives, you will not be honest to yourself, you will not be obedient to your relatives; if you are honest to yourself, you will not understand what is good, you will not be honest to yourself. Sincerity is the way of heaven; sincerity is the way of man. Sincerity is not trying to hit the mark, not thinking and getting it, and calmly following the middle way is a sage. Sincerity is the one who chooses the good and sticks to it. Learn widely, ask carefully, think carefully, distinguish clearly, and practice diligently. If you don't learn, you can't learn it, so don't give up; if you don't ask, you can't know it, so don't give up; if you don't think, you can't get it, so don't give up; if you don't distinguish, you can't distinguish clearly, so don't give up; if you don't practice, you can't practice it diligently. If a person can do one thing, he can do a hundred times more; if a person can do ten things, he can do a thousand times more. If you can really do this, you will be wise even if you are stupid, and strong even if you are weak. "Sincerity is called nature. Sincerity is called education. Sincerity leads to clarity, and clarity leads to sincerity.

Zengzi said: "There are three kinds of filial piety: the greatest kind is to honor one's parents, the next is not to humiliate them, and the lowest is to be able to support them." Gong Mingyi asked Zengzi: "Master, can you be filial?" Zengzi said: "What are you talking about! What are you talking about! What a gentleman is filial to his parents is to anticipate their wishes and teach them the way. If you are a person who supports them directly, how can you be filial?" Zengzi said: "The body is the remains of the parents. How dare you treat the remains of the parents with disrespect? If you are not dignified in your residence, you are not filial; if you are not loyal to your lord, you are not filial; if you are not respectful in your office, you are not filial; if you are not good friends, you are not good friends. If one does not believe, it is not filial piety; if one is not brave in battle, it is not filial piety; if one fails to fulfill the five virtues, the disaster will come to one's parents, so how dare one not respect them? Heng Shu Tan Xiang, who tried to recommend him, was not filial piety, but nurturing. What a gentleman means by filial piety is that the people of the country say, "I am lucky to have a son!" This is what is called filial piety. The basic teaching of the masses is filial piety, and its practice is nurturing. Nurturing is possible, but respect is difficult; respect is possible, but peace is difficult; peace is possible, but death is difficult. After the parents are gone, if one conducts oneself carefully and does not bring bad reputation to the parents, it can be said that one can live to the end. A benevolent person is a person who is kind to this; a person who is polite is a person who is kind to this. The righteous is the one who follows this; the righteous is the one who is appropriate to this; the trustworthy is the one who trusts this; the strong is the one who is strong. Pleasure comes from following this, and punishment comes from the opposite. "Zeng Zi said: "Filial piety, if placed, can fill the heaven and earth; it can extend to the four seas and be applied to future generations without day or night. It can be extended to the East Sea, the West Sea, the South Sea, and the North Sea. The Book of Songs says: "From the west to the east, from the south to the north, there is no one who does not obey." This is what it means. "Zeng Zi said: "Trees should be cut down in due season, and birds should be raised. The beasts are killed at the right time. The Master said, "To cut down a tree or kill an beast at the wrong time is not filial piety." There are three kinds of filial piety: minor filial piety is to use strength, medium filial piety is to use labor, and great filial piety is to be diligent. Thinking of kindness and forgetting labor can be said to be using strength. Respecting benevolence and upholding righteousness can be said to be using labor. Giving generously and preparing things can be said to be diligent. When parents love you, you should be grateful and never forget; when parents hate you, you should be afraid but not complain; when parents make mistakes, you should advise them but not disobey; when parents are dead, you must ask for grain from benevolent people to offer them sacrifices. This is called the end of the ritual. "Le Zheng Zichun went down the hall and hurt his foot. He did not go out for several months and still looked worried. The disciples said, "Master, your foot has recovered, but you haven't gone out for several months. Why do you still look worried?" Le Zheng Zichun said, "Your question is good! Your question is good! I heard from Zengzi, and Zengzi heard from the Master that: 'What the heaven gives birth to, the earth raises, no one is greater than.' Parents give birth to their children intact, and children return to their children intact. This can be called filial piety. Not damaging their bodies, not dishonoring their bodies, can be called complete. Therefore, a gentleman dares not forget filial piety even when he walks. Now I have forgotten the way of filial piety, so I look worried. I dare not forget my parents when I take a step, and I dare not forget my parents when I speak. I dare not forget my parents when I take a step, so I don't take shortcuts, I don't go boating, and I dare not take the remains of my parents in danger. I dare not forget my parents when I speak, so I don't say bad words, and I don't say angry words back. Not dishonoring oneself, not humiliating one's parents, can be called filial piety."

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最新章节：魔域高手在追踪（2025-03-14）

更新时间：2025-03-14