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There are four seasons for sacrifice: spring sacrifice is called "礿", summer sacrifice is called "禘", autumn sacrifice is called "常", and winter sacrifice is called "朕". "礿" and "禘" are yang meanings; "常" and "朕" are yin meanings. "禘" is the prosperity of yang, and "常" is the prosperity of yin. Therefore, it is said that nothing is more important than "禘" and "常". In ancient times, during the sacrifice, the officials gave out titles and clothes, which was in accordance with the righteousness of the Yang. During the harvest, the officials gave out fields and towns, and issued autumn policies, which was in accordance with the righteousness of the Yin. Therefore, it is recorded: "On the day of harvest, the public office was given out to show the reward; the moxa was used as ink; before the autumn policies were issued, the people dared not to harvest." Therefore, it is said that the righteousness of the sacrifice and the harvest is great. It is the foundation of governing a country, and it is important not to be ignorant of it. The ruler is clear about the righteousness, and the minister is capable of his duties. If the ruler is not clear about the righteousness, he is not perfect; if he is not capable of his duties, he is not perfect as a minister. Righteousness is the way to help the will, and it is the manifestation of all virtues. Therefore, those whose virtues are strong have strong wills; those whose wills are strong have clear righteousness. Those whose righteousness is clear have respect in their sacrifices. If the sacrifices are respectful, then all the descendants of the family will dare not be disrespectful. Therefore, when a gentleman sacrifices, he must personally attend; if there is a reason, he can send others. Even if he sends others, the ruler does not lose his righteousness, because the ruler understands his righteousness. Those who are of low virtue and low ambition are doubtful about the righteousness and ask for sacrifices. If they are forced to be respectful, they cannot help it. If you offer sacrifices without respect, how can you be the parents of the people? The tripod has an inscription. The inscription is a self-name. The self-name is used to praise the goodness of the ancestors and to make it clear to future generations. Those who are ancestors have both good and bad things. The meaning of the inscription is to praise the good and not the bad. This is the heart of filial sons and grandsons. Only virtuous people can do this. The inscription is to discuss the virtues and goodness of the ancestors, their merits and achievements, and to celebrate and reward their reputations throughout the world and to use them as sacrificial vessels; to make a name for oneself and to worship the ancestors. To praise the ancestors is to honor filial piety. To compare oneself with them is obedience. To show future generations clearly is teaching. The inscription is to name them once and everyone above and below will benefit from it. Therefore, when a gentleman looks at the inscription, he should not only praise what is said, but also praise what is done. Those who do it, who are clear enough to see it, kind enough to give it, and knowledgeable enough to benefit it, can be called virtuous. Virtuous but not boastful, can be called respectful. Therefore, the inscription on the tripod of Kong Kui of Wei reads: On the 19th day of the sixth month, the Duke was in the Great Temple. The Duke said: "Uncle! This is the ancestor Zhuang Shu, who was on the left and right of Cheng Gong. Cheng Gong ordered Zhuang Shu to follow the refuge in Hanyang, and then to the palace in Zong Zhou, and ran without shooting. He told the right Xiang Gong. Xiang Gong ordered Cheng Shu to inherit the ancestors' clothes. This is the father of Wen Shu, who revived the old wishes of the elders, led the celebration of the people, and personally cared for the state of Wei. He was diligent in the public family, working day and night without rest, and the people all said: "Relax!" The Duke said: "Uncle! Let me engrave for you: If you inherit, you will be respected." Kui bowed his head and said: "I praised it to avoid it, and I was diligent in the great destiny of the Ding." This is the inscription on the tripod of Kong Kui of Wei. The ancient gentlemen discussed the virtues of their ancestors and made them clear to future generations. They compared themselves to themselves and valued their country like this. The descendants who guard the ancestral temples and the altars of the land and state, if their ancestors have no merits and praise them, it is a falsehood; if they have good things but do not know them, it is not clear; if they know them but do not pass them on, it is not benevolent. These three are what gentlemen are ashamed of. In the past, Duke Zhou had made great contributions to the world. After Duke Zhou died, King Cheng and King Kang remembered the merits of Duke Zhou and wanted to honor Lu, so they gave him a heavy sacrifice. The outer sacrifice is the suburban altar; the inner sacrifice is the great sacrifice. The great sacrifice, the song "Qingmiao" is sung in the upper part, and the "Xiang" is played in the lower part; the red stems and jade qi are used to dance "Dawu"; the eight-yi dance is used to dance "Daxia"; this is the music of the emperor. Duke Kang of Zhou, therefore, gave it to Lu. The descendants inherited it and it has not been abolished until now, so as to show the virtue of Duke Zhou and honor his country.

Zeng Zi asked: "Can the funeral of a major merit be included in the offering of sacrifices?" Confucius said: "It is not a major merit! "Zengzi asked, "Is it not possible to make sacrifices with light clothes?" Confucius said, "That is not what I mean. In the funerals of the Son of Heaven and the dukes, those who are in mourning clothes offer sacrifices; the high officials, those who are in mourning clothes offer sacrifices; the scholars, their friends offer sacrifices; if it is not enough, they take from those who are of great merit or less; if it is not enough, they take from those who are of great merit or less." Zengzi asked, "Can small merits be included in the sacrifices?" Confucius said, "Why must it be small merits? Those who are in mourning clothes and below offer sacrifices; that is etiquette." Zengzi asked, "Is it not possible to make sacrifices with light clothes?" Confucius said, "In the funerals of the Son of Heaven and the dukes, those who are not in mourning clothes do not offer sacrifices; the high officials, those who are in mourning clothes offer sacrifices; the scholars, if the sacrifice is not enough, they take from those who are of great merit or less." Zengzi asked, "Can acquaintances, if they are in mourning clothes, participate in the sacrifices?" Confucius said, "If you don't offer sacrifices, how can you help others?" Zengzi asked, "Can you take away your mourning clothes and participate in the sacrifices?" ”Confucius said: "Saying mourning and offering sacrifices are not rites; it is OK to reject each other."

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Peak Divine Appearance

Xi Baili

The Master said: “Benevolence has numbers, and righteousness has lengths, shortnesses, smallnesses, and greatnesses. To be indifferent in the heart is to love the benevolence of others; to follow the law and strengthen it is to have resources The benevolent man. The Book of Songs says: 'There is a mulberry tree in Fengshui, how could King Wu not serve? He passed on his plan to his grandson and swallowed his son. King Wu was so kind!' It is the benevolence of several generations. The Guofeng says: 'I am not going to review it now, but the emperor will take care of my descendants.' It is the benevolence of a lifetime. Confucius said: "Benevolence is a heavy tool, and its path is far. Those who raise it cannot overcome it, and those who walk it cannot reach it. Those who take the most are benevolent. Isn't it difficult to be diligent in benevolence? Therefore, if a gentleman judges people by righteousness, it is difficult for him to be a man; If you look at people by their own standards, you will know that they are virtuous. ” The Master said, “There is only one person in the world who is at peace with his heart and who is benevolent. The Great Odes say, ‘Virtue is as light as a feather, and few people can raise it. I have tried to imitate it, but only Zhongshanfu raised it, and no one helped me with love. ’” The Lesser Odes say, ‘High mountains are admired and admired, and beautiful conduct is observed and admired. ’ The Master said, “The love of benevolence in the Book of Poetry is like this: He walks in the direction of the road, but gives up halfway. He forgets his old age, does not know that his years are insufficient, and bows his head day by day, working hard until he dies.” The Master said, “Benevolence has been difficult to achieve for a long time! Everyone loses what he likes; therefore, the mistakes of the benevolent are easily abandoned.” The Master said, “Respect is close to propriety, frugality is close to benevolence, and trustworthiness is close to affection. If one practices this with respect and humility, even if he makes mistakes, they will not be too serious. Respect is less likely to make mistakes, affection is trustworthy, and frugality is easy to tolerate. Are those who make mistakes because of this not rare? The Book of Poetry says, ‘A gentle and respectful person is the foundation of virtue. ’” The Master said, “Benevolence has been difficult to achieve for a long time, but only a gentleman can do it. Therefore, a gentleman does not make himself suffer for what he can do, nor does he make others ashamed for what they cannot do. Therefore, the sage’s way of governing behavior is not to control himself, but to make people feel ashamed and encouraged to act according to their words. He regulates people with etiquette, binds people with trust, decorates their appearance with clothes, and makes friends with them. He wants the people to be united. The Xiaoya says: “Do not be ashamed of others, and do not fear the heaven.” Therefore, when a gentleman wears his clothes, he should decorate his appearance with a gentleman’s appearance; when he has his appearance, he should decorate his words with a gentleman’s words; when he speaks, he should be sincere with a gentleman’s virtue. Therefore, a gentleman is ashamed to wear his clothes without his appearance, to have his appearance without his words, to have his words without his virtue, and to have his virtue without his behavior. Therefore, when a gentleman wears mourning clothes, he has a look of sorrow; when he wears a crown, he has a look of respect; when he wears armor, he has a look of not wanting to be humiliated. The Book of Songs says: “Only the pelican on the beam does not wet its wings; the son of the record does not match his clothes. ’”

Wang Chaoyun

Dongmen Si

No one can escape the funeral procession unless they follow the coffin and cry. In all funerals, from minor to major, no bathing is allowed unless there are auspicious signs such as the mourning clothes and the funeral rites. In the case of a funeral of a young man, after the burial, if someone asks to see the deceased, then he can see the deceased; but if no one asks to see the deceased, then he can see the deceased. In the case of a minor funeral, then he can see the deceased if he asks to see the deceased. In the case of a major funeral, then he does not need to hold the coffin. Only in the case of a parent’s funeral, one does not need to weep and see the deceased. In the case of a three-year funeral, auspicious signs are followed; in the case of a full-term funeral, one cries and follows the deceased’s funeral; in the case of a nine-month funeral, after the burial, one follows the deceased’s funeral; in the case of a minor funeral, after the funeral, one follows the deceased’s funeral. Zeng Shen asked Zeng Zi, “Is there a fixed sound for crying parents?” Zeng Zi replied, “A baby lost its mother on the way, so what fixed sound is there?” ”

Nourishing the Soul and Returning to the Yin

Bu Gengxu

Si Tu Wang Rong was both noble and wealthy. He had houses and shepherds in the area, fertile fields and water mills, which were unparalleled in Luoyang. Qi Shuyang Zhang, often discuss strategies with his wife under candlelight.

Marrying at an older age

Haoyin

A minister chooses a house and a burial date, and an official makes hemp clothes, cloth mourning clothes, and cloth belts, and mourning shoes. The black cloth cap is not frilly. The fortune teller wears a leather cap. If the divination is to be done, the historian wears a long cap and long clothes to divinate. The fortune teller wears court clothes. At the funeral of a senior official, a horse is offered. The horse offerer cries and dances, then goes out to make offerings and read. At the funeral of a senior official, the senior clan member looks at the deceased, and the junior clan member asks the tortoise shell to be made by the fortune teller. The princes wear the robe of paulownia and the robe of lords, and the ladies wear the robe of yudi, and the didi wears the white sand. The wives wear the robe of juyi, paulownia, and white sand. The junior officials wear the robe of jian, and the rest are like the scholars. Go up west again . The officials are not to be strangled, but belong to the pond. The officials are attached to the scholars, the scholars are not attached to the officials, but to the brothers of the officials. If there are no brothers, then they follow the order of their ancestors. Even if the king's parents are still alive, it is still the same. The wife is attached to the concubine of her husband, if there is no concubine, then she also follows the concubine of her ancestors. The concubine is attached to the concubine's aunt, if there is no concubine, then she also follows the concubine of her ancestors. A man is attached to the king's father, then he is a match; a woman is attached to the king's mother, then she is not a match. A prince is attached to a prince. When the king dies, the great The title of a son is "Zi", and he is treated like a lord.

Marry Colonel Fox

Nara Wenhua

Bodhi

Qi Miru

When hearing the five punishments, he shall consider the relationship between father and son and the righteousness between the monarch and the minister to weigh them. He shall carefully discuss the order of severity and lightness and carefully measure the depth and shallowness to distinguish them. He shall make full use of their intelligence and show their loyalty and love to the utmost. If there is a doubtful case, he shall discuss it with the public; if there is doubt among the public, he shall pardon the case. It is necessary to examine the comparison of the small and the big to make it. When the case is made, the historian reports the case to the justice, and the justice listens. The justice reports the case to the Grand Sikou, and the Grand Sikou listens to it under the thorn tree. The Grand Sikou reports the case to the king, and the king orders the three dukes to participate in the hearing. The three dukes report the case to the king, and the king reviews it three times before making the punishment. In all cases of punishment, no pardon is given for light punishment. Punishment is a matter of determination, and determination is a matter of accomplishment. Once it is accomplished, it cannot be changed, so the gentleman will devote his heart to it. Those who break the law by breaking the law, confuse the name and change the work, and follow the left way to disrupt the government shall be put to death. Those who make obscene sounds, wear strange clothes, have strange skills, and have strange tools to confuse the people shall be put to death. Those who act falsely and are firm, speak falsely and argue, learn wrong and are broad-minded, follow wrong and are generous, and confuse the people shall be put to death. Those who make false claims by ghosts and gods, time and date, and divination to confuse the people shall be put to death. These four punishments are not to be heard. In all cases of enforcing prohibitions to unify the people, no pardon is given. There are jade tablets, jade scepters, and gold scepters, which are not sold in the market; imperial robes and carriages are not sold in the market; ancestral temple utensils are not sold in the market; sacrifices are not sold in the market; military utensils are not sold in the market. Utensils that are not of the right size are not sold in the market. Military vehicles that are not of the right size are not sold in the market. Cloth and silk that are not of the right quality, and the width and narrowness of the cloth are not of the right size, are not sold in the market. Adultery and disorder are not sold in the market. Brocade, pearls, and jade are not sold in the market. Clothes and food are not sold in the market. Grains that are not in season and fruits that are not ripe are not sold in the market. Wood that is not cut in the right time is not sold in the market. Birds, beasts, fish, and turtles that are not killed in the right time are not sold in the market. The gates are closed to ridicule, and strange clothes are forbidden, and strange words are recognized.

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