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Since the Perfect World

Zeng Zi asked: "Do you mourn for three years?" Confucius said: "In the three-year mourning, you should be dressed, not stand in a group, and do not travel. Gentlemen use etiquette to embellish their feelings. If you mourn for three years, isn't it empty?" Zeng Zi asked: "The officials and scholars can get rid of their private mourning, but they have the monarch's mourning clothes. How can they get rid of it?" Confucius said: "If you have the monarch's mourning clothes on your body, you dare not wear them privately. How can you get rid of them? So it is not removed after the time has passed. In the case of the king's mourning, mourning is removed before offering sacrifices, which is a ritual. Zengzi asked, "Is it okay not to remove mourning for parents?" Confucius said, "The ancient kings established rituals, and did not perform them after the time has passed, which is a ritual; it is not that they cannot do it, but they are worried that it is too much. Therefore, a gentleman does not offer sacrifices after the time has passed, which is a ritual. Zengzi asked, "When the king dies, after the funeral, if the minister has parents in mourning, what should I do?" Confucius said, "Return home and live at home. If there are important things, go to the king's place and see him off morning and evening." He said, "After the king has been buried, if the minister has parents in mourning, what should I do?" Confucius said, "Go home and cry and come back to see the king off." He said, "If the king has not buried his parents, and the minister has parents in mourning, what should I do?" Confucius said, "Go home and cry and come back to see the king off. If there are important things, go back and see him off morning and evening. For officials, the old man in the house will perform the ritual; for scholars, the descendants will perform the ritual. The wife of a great official, if there is a serious matter, should also go to the king's place, morning and night. "

Red Makeup

A gentleman said: The rites that are close to human nature are not the most extreme. The blood of the suburbs, the fishy offerings of the big feast, three offerings of fire, one offering of the fire. Therefore, a gentleman, in terms of rites, does not create but express his feelings, but has a beginning. Therefore, seven escorts are required to meet each other. Otherwise, it is already sincere. Three refusal and three concessions are required to arrive. Otherwise, it is already frustrated. Therefore, when the people of Lu are going to have an event with the God of Heaven, they must first have an event with the Palace of the God of Heaven; when the people of Jin are going to have an event with the River, they must first have an event with the Pond of E; when the people of Qi are going to have an event with Mount Tai, they must first have an event with the Forest of ... If you want to observe things without following the rites, you will not be able to do so. Therefore, if you do things without following the rites, you will not be respectful. If you speak without following the rites, you will not be trusted. Therefore, it is said: "Rites are the result of things." Therefore, when the ancient kings established rites, they followed the meaning of things according to their wealth. Therefore, when doing great things, you must follow the time of heaven. For morning and evening, you must follow the sun and moon. For high places, you must follow hills. For low places, you must follow rivers and lakes. Therefore, when the weather is right and rain is right, the gentleman will be able to do it. Therefore, the ancient kings valued virtue, respected the way, and appointed the capable; they promoted the virtuous and appointed them, and gathered the people to swear an oath. Therefore, they served the heaven according to the heaven and served the earth according to the earth. They ascended to the middle of the sky according to the famous mountains and worshiped the emperor in the suburbs according to the auspicious land. When they ascended to the middle of the sky, the phoenix descended and the tortoise and dragon came; when they worshiped the emperor in the suburbs, the wind and rain were in season, and the cold and heat were in season. Therefore, the sage stood facing south, and the world was in great order.

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